Gynaecology

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            [blog_title] => Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of androgens, male sex hormones that are usually present in women in small amounts. The name polycystic ovary syndrome describes the numerous small cysts (fluid-filled sacs) that form in the ovaries. However, some women with this disorder do not have cysts, while some women without the disorder do develop cysts.

Ovulation occurs when a mature egg is released from an ovary. This happens so it can be fertilized by a male sperm. If the egg is not fertilized, it is sent out of the body during your period.

In some cases, a woman doesn’t make enough of the hormones needed to ovulate. When ovulation doesn’t happen, the ovaries can develop many small cysts. These cysts make hormones called androgens. Women with PCOS often have high levels of androgens. This can cause more problems with a woman’s menstrual cycle. And it can cause many of the symptoms of PCOS.

Treatment for PCOS is often done with medication. This can’t cure PCOS, but it helps reduce symptoms and prevent some health problems.

What causes PCOS?

The exact cause of PCOS is not clear. Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance. This means the body can’t use insulin well. Insulin levels build up in the body and may cause higher androgen levels. Obesity can also increase insulin levels and make PCOS symptoms worse.

PCOS may also run in families. It’s common for sisters or a mother and daughter to have PCOS.

What are the risks for PCOS?

You may be more likely to have PCOS if your mother or sister has it. You may also be more likely to have it if you have insulin resistance or obese.

What are the symptoms of PCOS?

The symptoms of PCOS may include:


	
Excess body hair, including the chest, stomach, and back (hirsutism)
	
Missed periods, irregular periods, or very light periods.
	
Acne or oily skin
	
Ovaries that are large or have many cysts.
	
Weight gain, especially around the belly (abdomen)
	
Male-pattern baldness or thinning hair
	
Infertility 
	
Small pieces of excess skin on the neck or armpits (skin tags)
	
Dark or thick skin patches on the back of the neck, in the armpits, and under the breasts


Can I have PCOS but not have any symptoms?

Yes, it’s possible to have PCOS and not have any symptoms. Many people don’t even realize they have the condition until they have trouble getting pregnant or are gaining weight for unknown reasons. It’s also possible to have mild PCOS, where the symptoms aren’t severe enough for you to notice.

How is PCOS diagnosed?

Your doctor will ask about your medical history and your symptoms. You will also have a physical examination which include a pelvic examination. This examination checks the health of your reproductive organs, both inside and outside your body.

Some of the symptoms of PCOS are like those caused by other health problems. Because of this, you may also have tests such as:


	
Ultrasound. This test uses sound waves and a computer to create images of blood vessels, tissues, and organs. This test is used to look at the size of the ovaries and see if they have cysts. The test can also look at the thickness of the lining of the uterus (endometrium).
	
Blood tests. These look for high levels of androgens and other hormones. Your doctor may also check your blood glucose levels. And you may have your cholesterol and triglyceride levels checked.


Treatment:

Treatment for PCOS depends on a number of factors. These may include your age, how severe your symptoms are, and your overall health. The type of treatment may also depend on whether you want to become pregnant in the future.

If you do plan to become pregnant, your treatment may include:


	
A change in diet and activity – A healthy diet and more physical activity can help you lose weight and reduce your symptoms. They can also help your body use insulin more efficiently, lower blood glucose levels, and may help you ovulate.
	
Medications to cause ovulation – Medications can help the ovaries to release eggs normally. These medications also have certain risks. They can increase the chance for a multiple birth (twins or more). And they can cause ovarian hyper stimulation. This is when the ovaries release too many hormones. It can cause symptoms such as abdominal bloating and pelvic pain.


If you do not plan to become pregnant, your treatment may include:


	
Birth control pills – These help to control menstrual cycles, lower androgen levels and reduce acne.
	
Diabetes medication – This is often used to lower insulin resistance in PCOS. It may also help reduce androgen levels, slow hair growth, and help you ovulate more regularly.
	
A change in diet and activity. A healthy diet and more physical activity can help you lose weight and reduce your symptoms. They can also help your body use insulin more efficiently, lower blood glucose levels, and may help you ovulate.
	
Medications to treat other symptoms. Some medications can help reduce hair growth or acne.


What are the complications of PCOS?

Women with PCOS are more likely to develop certain serious health problems. These include type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, problems with the heart and blood vessels, and uterine cancer. Women with PCOS often have problems with their ability to get pregnant (fertility).

Living with PCOS – Some women struggle with the physical symptoms of PCOS, such as weight gain, hair growth, and acne. Cosmetic treatments, such as electrolysis and laser hair removal, may help you feel better about your appearance. Talk with your doctor about the best ways to treat the symptoms that bother you.

When should I seek medical care?

If you have missed or irregular periods, excess hair growth, acne, and weight gain, call your doctor for an evaluation.


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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of androgens, male sex hormones that are usually present in women in small amounts. The name polycystic ovary syndrome describes the numerous small cysts (fluid-filled sacs) that form in the ovaries. However, some women with this disorder do not have cysts, while some women without the disorder do develop cysts.

Ovulation occurs when a mature egg is released from an ovary. This happens so it can be fertilized by a male sperm. If the egg is not fertilized, it is sent out of the body during your period.

In some cases, a woman doesn’t make enough of the hormones needed to ovulate. When ovulation doesn’t happen, the ovaries can develop many small cysts. These cysts make hormones called androgens. Women with PCOS often have high levels of androgens. This can cause more problems with a woman’s menstrual cycle. And it can cause many of the symptoms of PCOS.

Treatment for PCOS is often done with medication. This can’t cure PCOS, but it helps reduce symptoms and prevent some health problems.

What causes PCOS?

The exact cause of PCOS is not clear. Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance. This means the body can’t use insulin well. Insulin levels build up in the body and may cause higher androgen levels. Obesity can also increase insulin levels and make PCOS symptoms worse.

PCOS may also run in families. It’s common for sisters or a mother and daughter to have PCOS.

What are the risks for PCOS?

You may be more likely to have PCOS if your mother or sister has it. You may also be more likely to have it if you have insulin resistance or obese.

What are the symptoms of PCOS?

The symptoms of PCOS may include:


	
Excess body hair, including the chest, stomach, and back (hirsutism)
	
Missed periods, irregular periods, or very light periods.
	
Acne or oily skin
	
Ovaries that are large or have many cysts.
	
Weight gain, especially around the belly (abdomen)
	
Male-pattern baldness or thinning hair
	
Infertility 
	
Small pieces of excess skin on the neck or armpits (skin tags)
	
Dark or thick skin patches on the back of the neck, in the armpits, and under the breasts


Can I have PCOS but not have any symptoms?

Yes, it’s possible to have PCOS and not have any symptoms. Many people don’t even realize they have the condition until they have trouble getting pregnant or are gaining weight for unknown reasons. It’s also possible to have mild PCOS, where the symptoms aren’t severe enough for you to notice.

How is PCOS diagnosed?

Your doctor will ask about your medical history and your symptoms. You will also have a physical examination which include a pelvic examination. This examination checks the health of your reproductive organs, both inside and outside your body.

Some of the symptoms of PCOS are like those caused by other health problems. Because of this, you may also have tests such as:


	
Ultrasound. This test uses sound waves and a computer to create images of blood vessels, tissues, and organs. This test is used to look at the size of the ovaries and see if they have cysts. The test can also look at the thickness of the lining of the uterus (endometrium).
	
Blood tests. These look for high levels of androgens and other hormones. Your doctor may also check your blood glucose levels. And you may have your cholesterol and triglyceride levels checked.


Treatment:

Treatment for PCOS depends on a number of factors. These may include your age, how severe your symptoms are, and your overall health. The type of treatment may also depend on whether you want to become pregnant in the future.

If you do plan to become pregnant, your treatment may include:


	
A change in diet and activity – A healthy diet and more physical activity can help you lose weight and reduce your symptoms. They can also help your body use insulin more efficiently, lower blood glucose levels, and may help you ovulate.
	
Medications to cause ovulation – Medications can help the ovaries to release eggs normally. These medications also have certain risks. They can increase the chance for a multiple birth (twins or more). And they can cause ovarian hyper stimulation. This is when the ovaries release too many hormones. It can cause symptoms such as abdominal bloating and pelvic pain.


If you do not plan to become pregnant, your treatment may include:


	
Birth control pills – These help to control menstrual cycles, lower androgen levels and reduce acne.
	
Diabetes medication – This is often used to lower insulin resistance in PCOS. It may also help reduce androgen levels, slow hair growth, and help you ovulate more regularly.
	
A change in diet and activity. A healthy diet and more physical activity can help you lose weight and reduce your symptoms. They can also help your body use insulin more efficiently, lower blood glucose levels, and may help you ovulate.
	
Medications to treat other symptoms. Some medications can help reduce hair growth or acne.


What are the complications of PCOS?

Women with PCOS are more likely to develop certain serious health problems. These include type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, problems with the heart and blood vessels, and uterine cancer. Women with PCOS often have problems with their ability to get pregnant (fertility).

Living with PCOS – Some women struggle with the physical symptoms of PCOS, such as weight gain, hair growth, and acne. Cosmetic treatments, such as electrolysis and laser hair removal, may help you feel better about your appearance. Talk with your doctor about the best ways to treat the symptoms that bother you.

When should I seek medical care?

If you have missed or irregular periods, excess hair growth, acne, and weight gain, call your doctor for an evaluation.


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            [blog_title] => Menopause: What it is, Age, Signs, Causes & Complications
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Menopause is the time that marks the end of your menstrual cycles. It’s diagnosed after you’ve gone 12 months without a menstrual period. Menopause can happen in your 40s or 50s.

Menopause is a natural biological process. But the physical symptoms, such as hot flashes, and emotional symptoms of menopause may disrupt your sleep, lower your energy or affect emotional health.

Symptoms

In the months or years leading up to menopause (perimenopause), you might experience these signs and symptoms:


	
Irregular periods
	
Vaginal dryness
	
Hot flashes
	
Chills
	
Night sweats
	
Sleep problems
	
Mood changes
	
Weight gain and slowed metabolism
	
Thinning hair and dry skin
	
Loss of breast fullness


Signs and symptoms, including changes in menstruation can vary among women. Most likely, you’ll experience some irregularity in your periods before they end.

Skipping periods during perimenopause is common and expected. Often, menstrual periods will skip a month and return, or skip several months and then start monthly cycles again for a few months. Periods also tend to happen on shorter cycles, so they are closer together. Despite irregular periods, pregnancy is possible. If you’ve skipped a period but aren’t sure you’ve started the menopausal transition, consider a pregnancy test.

Causes:


	
Naturally declining reproductive hormones. As you approach your late 30s, your ovaries start making less estrogen and progesterone (the hormones that regulate menstruation and your fertility declines).


In your 40s, your menstrual periods may become longer or shorter, heavier or lighter, and more or less frequent, until eventually. On average, by age 51, your ovaries stop releasing eggs, and you have no more periods.


	
Surgery that removes the ovaries (oophorectomy). Your ovaries produce hormones, including estrogen and progesterone, that regulate the menstrual cycle. Surgery to remove your ovaries causes immediate menopause. Your periods stop, and you’re likely to have hot flashes and experience other menopausal signs and symptoms. Signs and symptoms can be severe, as hormonal changes occur abruptly rather than gradually over several years.


Surgery that removes your uterus but not your ovaries (hysterectomy) usually doesn’t cause immediate menopause. Although you no longer have periods, your ovaries still release eggs and produce estrogen and progesterone.


	
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These cancer therapies can induce menopause, causing symptoms such as hot flashes during or shortly after the course of treatment. The halt to menstruation (and fertility) is not always permanent following chemotherapy, so birth control measures may still be desired. Radiation therapy only affects ovarian function if radiation is directed at the ovaries. Radiation therapy to other parts of the body, such as breast tissue or the head and neck, won’t affect menopause.
	
Primary ovarian insufficiency. About 1% of women experience menopause before age 40 (premature menopause). Premature menopause may result from the failure of your ovaries to produce normal levels of reproductive hormones (primary ovarian insufficiency), which can stem from genetic factors or autoimmune disease. But often no cause of premature menopause can be found. For these women, hormone therapy is typically recommended at least until the natural age of menopause in order to protect the brain, heart and bones.


Complications

After menopause, your risk of certain medical conditions increases. Examples include:


	
Heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease. When your estrogen levels decline, your risk of cardiovascular disease increases. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in women as well as in men. So it’s important to get regular exercise, eat a healthy diet and maintain a normal weight. Ask your doctor for advice on how to protect your heart, such as how to reduce your cholesterol or blood pressure if it’s too high.
	
Osteoporosis. This condition causes bones to become brittle and weak, leading to an increased risk of fractures. During the first few years after menopause, you may lose bone density at a rapid rate, increasing your risk of osteoporosis. Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis are especially susceptible to fractures of their spine, hips and wrists.
	
Urinary incontinence. As the tissues of your vagina and urethra lose elasticity, you may experience frequent, sudden, strong urges to urinate, followed by an involuntary loss of urine (urge incontinence), or the loss of urine with coughing, laughing or lifting (stress incontinence). You may have urinary tract infections more often.


Strengthening pelvic floor muscles with Kegel exercises and using a topical vaginal estrogen may help relieve symptoms of incontinence. Hormone therapy may also be an effective treatment option for menopausal urinary tract and vaginal changes that can result in urinary incontinence.


	
Sexual function. Vaginal dryness from decreased moisture production and loss of elasticity can cause discomfort and slight bleeding during sexual intercourse. Also, decreased sensation may reduce your desire for sexual activity (libido).


Water-based vaginal moisturizers and lubricants may help. If a vaginal lubricant isn’t enough, many women benefit from the use of local vaginal estrogen treatment, available as a vaginal cream, tablet or ring.


	
Weight gain. Many women gain weight during the menopausal transition and after menopause because metabolism slows. You may need to eat less and exercise more, just to maintain your current weight.



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Menopause is the time that marks the end of your menstrual cycles. It’s diagnosed after you’ve gone 12 months without a menstrual period. Menopause can happen in your 40s or 50s.

Menopause is a natural biological process. But the physical symptoms, such as hot flashes, and emotional symptoms of menopause may disrupt your sleep, lower your energy or affect emotional health.

Symptoms

In the months or years leading up to menopause (perimenopause), you might experience these signs and symptoms:


	
Irregular periods
	
Vaginal dryness
	
Hot flashes
	
Chills
	
Night sweats
	
Sleep problems
	
Mood changes
	
Weight gain and slowed metabolism
	
Thinning hair and dry skin
	
Loss of breast fullness


Signs and symptoms, including changes in menstruation can vary among women. Most likely, you’ll experience some irregularity in your periods before they end.

Skipping periods during perimenopause is common and expected. Often, menstrual periods will skip a month and return, or skip several months and then start monthly cycles again for a few months. Periods also tend to happen on shorter cycles, so they are closer together. Despite irregular periods, pregnancy is possible. If you’ve skipped a period but aren’t sure you’ve started the menopausal transition, consider a pregnancy test.

Causes:


	
Naturally declining reproductive hormones. As you approach your late 30s, your ovaries start making less estrogen and progesterone (the hormones that regulate menstruation and your fertility declines).


In your 40s, your menstrual periods may become longer or shorter, heavier or lighter, and more or less frequent, until eventually. On average, by age 51, your ovaries stop releasing eggs, and you have no more periods.


	
Surgery that removes the ovaries (oophorectomy). Your ovaries produce hormones, including estrogen and progesterone, that regulate the menstrual cycle. Surgery to remove your ovaries causes immediate menopause. Your periods stop, and you’re likely to have hot flashes and experience other menopausal signs and symptoms. Signs and symptoms can be severe, as hormonal changes occur abruptly rather than gradually over several years.


Surgery that removes your uterus but not your ovaries (hysterectomy) usually doesn’t cause immediate menopause. Although you no longer have periods, your ovaries still release eggs and produce estrogen and progesterone.


	
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy. These cancer therapies can induce menopause, causing symptoms such as hot flashes during or shortly after the course of treatment. The halt to menstruation (and fertility) is not always permanent following chemotherapy, so birth control measures may still be desired. Radiation therapy only affects ovarian function if radiation is directed at the ovaries. Radiation therapy to other parts of the body, such as breast tissue or the head and neck, won’t affect menopause.
	
Primary ovarian insufficiency. About 1% of women experience menopause before age 40 (premature menopause). Premature menopause may result from the failure of your ovaries to produce normal levels of reproductive hormones (primary ovarian insufficiency), which can stem from genetic factors or autoimmune disease. But often no cause of premature menopause can be found. For these women, hormone therapy is typically recommended at least until the natural age of menopause in order to protect the brain, heart and bones.


Complications

After menopause, your risk of certain medical conditions increases. Examples include:


	
Heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease. When your estrogen levels decline, your risk of cardiovascular disease increases. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in women as well as in men. So it’s important to get regular exercise, eat a healthy diet and maintain a normal weight. Ask your doctor for advice on how to protect your heart, such as how to reduce your cholesterol or blood pressure if it’s too high.
	
Osteoporosis. This condition causes bones to become brittle and weak, leading to an increased risk of fractures. During the first few years after menopause, you may lose bone density at a rapid rate, increasing your risk of osteoporosis. Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis are especially susceptible to fractures of their spine, hips and wrists.
	
Urinary incontinence. As the tissues of your vagina and urethra lose elasticity, you may experience frequent, sudden, strong urges to urinate, followed by an involuntary loss of urine (urge incontinence), or the loss of urine with coughing, laughing or lifting (stress incontinence). You may have urinary tract infections more often.


Strengthening pelvic floor muscles with Kegel exercises and using a topical vaginal estrogen may help relieve symptoms of incontinence. Hormone therapy may also be an effective treatment option for menopausal urinary tract and vaginal changes that can result in urinary incontinence.


	
Sexual function. Vaginal dryness from decreased moisture production and loss of elasticity can cause discomfort and slight bleeding during sexual intercourse. Also, decreased sensation may reduce your desire for sexual activity (libido).


Water-based vaginal moisturizers and lubricants may help. If a vaginal lubricant isn’t enough, many women benefit from the use of local vaginal estrogen treatment, available as a vaginal cream, tablet or ring.


	
Weight gain. Many women gain weight during the menopausal transition and after menopause because metabolism slows. You may need to eat less and exercise more, just to maintain your current weight.



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            [blog_title] => PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) and Diabetes
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Did you know that 50% of women with PCOS are likely to develop type 2 diabetes?

Were you aware that it may affect your chances of conceiving a child?

PCOS – what is it really?

It is a condition in women, wherein they tend to have higher levels of androgens (male hormones, that are also existing in women). This prevents ovulation, which is the cause for irregular periods, acne, excess facial and body hair, and thinning hair on the scalp. They are resistant to insulin, because though their system produces insulin, it cannot be used efficiently, which makes them more prone to type 2 diabetes.

As everything about health is interconnected, women with PCOS are likely to put on weight faster, and eventually deal with more severe health issues.   

FACTS YOU SHOULD KNOW:


	
Diabetes—More than 50% of women with PCOS are likely to have type 2 diabetes by the time they are in their early 40’s
	
Gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy)—It is common for pregnant women to develop diabetes temporarily, while they’re expecting their baby. This, however, raises the risk for both mother and child to get type 2 diabetes in the future.
	
Heart disease— A woman with PCOS should always monitor her heart health, as she is more vulnerable.
	
High blood pressure— The heart, brain, and kidneys are directly impacted by high blood pressure.
	
High LDL (“bad”) cholesteroland low HDL (“good”) cholesterol – are factors that increase the risk for heart disease
	
Sleep apnea external icon—This sleep disorder suddenly stops a person’s breathing for a few seconds, while they are asleep, putting the person at a risk for heart disease as well as type 2 diabetes
	
Stroke— When plaque (cholesterol and white blood cells) begins to clog blood vessels, it can cause clotting of the blood, which may lead to a stroke


PCOS has also been suggested to have a link to depression and anxiety, but clarity on this is pending.

What leads to PCOS?

These are the primary factors that can lead to PCOS, and eventually to insulin resistance:


	
Androgen levels that are higher than normal
	
Excess weight
	
Family history


Excess Weight

Is being overweight the cause PCOS? Can PCOS make you put on excess weight?

So far there is no direct correlation between being overweight and having PCOS, as it may depend on many other factors like genetics, family history and lifestyle habits.

Family History…

If a woman’s immediate female family member (mother/sister) has PCOS or type 2 diabetes, she may be more prone to developing PCOS and Insulin Resistance.

INSULIN RESISTANCE: What you should know:


	
Lifestyle and day to day habits can impact one’s insulin resistance
	
An unhealthy diet, lack of sleep or physical activity may be a factor
	
It can run in the family


What can you do about it?

Apart from realigning your eating habits and sleeping schedules, one should attempt to shed some kilos. This will have an overall benefit, as several parameters will come in the normal range, and symptoms may subside.

How Do You Know If You Have PCOS?

While some symptoms may be obvious, others may not be so.

If you notice acne, hair growth, or darkening of the skin in body creases and folds – such as the back of the neck (acanthosis nigricans), please consult a dermatologist.

You should see a trusted gynecologist (doctor who treats medical conditions that affect women and their reproductive organs) for irregular monthly periods, and your family doctor if you are suddenly putting on weight.

Some women may have just one or two symptoms, while others might develop nearly all of them. Women of every race and ethnicity are prone to developing PCOS.

Usually, PCOS can begin in girls soon after their first menstrual cycle, around the age of 11 or 12. In some cases it may occur in their 20’s or 30’s. However, it is only when a woman is trying to conceive and faces challenges, that she may discover that she has PCOS.

Your doctor will need to check whether you have at least 2 of these 3 major symptoms:


	
Irregular or no periods, due to lack of ovulation
	
Excess male hormones (more than normal range) which leads to overgrowth of facial or body hair or thinning scalp hair
	
Multiple small cysts on the ovaries


An ovarian cyst is not an indicator for PCOS. Not all women with cysts would be diagnosed with PCOS, and vice versa.

What is the treatment for PCOS?

If you notice any of the above symptoms, or are unable to easily conceive, it is best to see your doctor and get a proper diagnosis. In case PCOS shows up, then immediately have your blood sugar levels checked. Timely intervention is the best medication.

Your doctor will guide you about managing your health conditions. This may include lifestyle changes, dietary changes and weight loss. These will help to keep your parameters close to normal, while offering you a better chance at becoming pregnant. Your doctor may also prescribe medicines that will help you ovulate, while reducing your acne and abnormal hair growth.

Take the time to understand your condition, by discussing it at length with your doctor, before considering treatment options available to you.


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            [blog_title] => PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) and Diabetes
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Did you know that 50% of women with PCOS are likely to develop type 2 diabetes?

Were you aware that it may affect your chances of conceiving a child?

PCOS – what is it really?

It is a condition in women, wherein they tend to have higher levels of androgens (male hormones, that are also existing in women). This prevents ovulation, which is the cause for irregular periods, acne, excess facial and body hair, and thinning hair on the scalp. They are resistant to insulin, because though their system produces insulin, it cannot be used efficiently, which makes them more prone to type 2 diabetes.

As everything about health is interconnected, women with PCOS are likely to put on weight faster, and eventually deal with more severe health issues.   

FACTS YOU SHOULD KNOW:


	
Diabetes—More than 50% of women with PCOS are likely to have type 2 diabetes by the time they are in their early 40’s
	
Gestational diabetes (diabetes during pregnancy)—It is common for pregnant women to develop diabetes temporarily, while they’re expecting their baby. This, however, raises the risk for both mother and child to get type 2 diabetes in the future.
	
Heart disease— A woman with PCOS should always monitor her heart health, as she is more vulnerable.
	
High blood pressure— The heart, brain, and kidneys are directly impacted by high blood pressure.
	
High LDL (“bad”) cholesteroland low HDL (“good”) cholesterol – are factors that increase the risk for heart disease
	
Sleep apnea external icon—This sleep disorder suddenly stops a person’s breathing for a few seconds, while they are asleep, putting the person at a risk for heart disease as well as type 2 diabetes
	
Stroke— When plaque (cholesterol and white blood cells) begins to clog blood vessels, it can cause clotting of the blood, which may lead to a stroke


PCOS has also been suggested to have a link to depression and anxiety, but clarity on this is pending.

What leads to PCOS?

These are the primary factors that can lead to PCOS, and eventually to insulin resistance:


	
Androgen levels that are higher than normal
	
Excess weight
	
Family history


Excess Weight

Is being overweight the cause PCOS? Can PCOS make you put on excess weight?

So far there is no direct correlation between being overweight and having PCOS, as it may depend on many other factors like genetics, family history and lifestyle habits.

Family History…

If a woman’s immediate female family member (mother/sister) has PCOS or type 2 diabetes, she may be more prone to developing PCOS and Insulin Resistance.

INSULIN RESISTANCE: What you should know:


	
Lifestyle and day to day habits can impact one’s insulin resistance
	
An unhealthy diet, lack of sleep or physical activity may be a factor
	
It can run in the family


What can you do about it?

Apart from realigning your eating habits and sleeping schedules, one should attempt to shed some kilos. This will have an overall benefit, as several parameters will come in the normal range, and symptoms may subside.

How Do You Know If You Have PCOS?

While some symptoms may be obvious, others may not be so.

If you notice acne, hair growth, or darkening of the skin in body creases and folds – such as the back of the neck (acanthosis nigricans), please consult a dermatologist.

You should see a trusted gynecologist (doctor who treats medical conditions that affect women and their reproductive organs) for irregular monthly periods, and your family doctor if you are suddenly putting on weight.

Some women may have just one or two symptoms, while others might develop nearly all of them. Women of every race and ethnicity are prone to developing PCOS.

Usually, PCOS can begin in girls soon after their first menstrual cycle, around the age of 11 or 12. In some cases it may occur in their 20’s or 30’s. However, it is only when a woman is trying to conceive and faces challenges, that she may discover that she has PCOS.

Your doctor will need to check whether you have at least 2 of these 3 major symptoms:


	
Irregular or no periods, due to lack of ovulation
	
Excess male hormones (more than normal range) which leads to overgrowth of facial or body hair or thinning scalp hair
	
Multiple small cysts on the ovaries


An ovarian cyst is not an indicator for PCOS. Not all women with cysts would be diagnosed with PCOS, and vice versa.

What is the treatment for PCOS?

If you notice any of the above symptoms, or are unable to easily conceive, it is best to see your doctor and get a proper diagnosis. In case PCOS shows up, then immediately have your blood sugar levels checked. Timely intervention is the best medication.

Your doctor will guide you about managing your health conditions. This may include lifestyle changes, dietary changes and weight loss. These will help to keep your parameters close to normal, while offering you a better chance at becoming pregnant. Your doctor may also prescribe medicines that will help you ovulate, while reducing your acne and abnormal hair growth.

Take the time to understand your condition, by discussing it at length with your doctor, before considering treatment options available to you.


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            [blog_title] => How Does Diet Affect Your Vaginal Health?
            [metaTitle] => How Does Diet Affect Your Vaginal Health?
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            [seo_url] => how-does-diet-affect-your-vaginal-health
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A balanced diet is essential for the smooth functioning of all aspects of health, including vaginal health. Just as the body needs the right balance of nutrients to function well, the vagina also requires healthy foods to maintain its pH level, moisture and smell. Additionally, a healthy diet can help fend off vaginal infections. On the other hand, a poor diet can affect women’s vaginal health and lead to an unbalanced pH level and bacterial infection. 

Striking the right balance of pH and bacteria in the vagina is crucial and diet can help women achieve that. The right dietary choices can go a long way in maintaining optimum vaginal health. Vaginal health is affected by everything a woman consumes, from what she eats to what she drinks. By knowing what foods to include in one’s diet and what to avoid, women can attain the perfect vaginal health and even boost their immunity. 

Include plenty of probiotics & prebiotics

The vagina, like the gut, requires healthy bacteria to maintain a normal pH level and fight infections. Consequently, foods that promote gut health can also be beneficial in promoting an optimum balance of vaginal health. A combination of probiotic foods like yogurt, curd, pickles, fermented foods and prebiotic foods such as garlic and onions can help balance pH levels, boost the production of good bacteria and prevent yeast infections. 

Opt for fresh cranberries

Fresh cranberries or pure cranberry juice instead of the sweetened one contains antioxidants and acidic compounds that fend off infections. Additionally, cranberries contain vitamin E and vitamin C, which can be pivotal in boosting immunity. Cranberries are especially advisable since they prevent UTIs in women with recurring or recent UTI issues. However, women must ensure they opt for fresh cranberries instead of store-bought juices, which contain high amounts of sugar and may worsen matters. 

Befriend citrus foods

Vaginal infections can disrupt the balance of bacteria and pH levels in the vagina. However, they can be prevented by including various citrus foods in the diet. Citrus foods like oranges, bell peppers, lemons and plums are rich in vitamin C. The presence of ascorbic acid in them can effectively reduce the risk of vaginal infections. By consuming fresh citrus foods daily, women can promote good vaginal health and keep infections at bay. 

Eat nuts & healthy fats

Nuts, avocadoes, olive oil and omega-3 fatty acids contain healthy fats that can help regulate cholesterol as well as oestrogen levels. These superfoods can help create a healthy mucosal lining that prevents infections. Almonds and other nuts containing vitamin B and calcium can prevent vaginitis. Additionally, essential fatty acids in flax seed, walnuts and more can help relieve menstrual cramping, promote circulation and reduce vaginal dryness. 

Consume leafy green vegetables

Among the long list of health benefits of leafy green vegetables, vaginal health is one of them. Dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and broccoli are blood purifiers and enhance circulation due to their many nutrients. Consequently, they can prevent vaginal dryness and increase stimulation. Additionally, these vegetables are rich in vitamin E, magnesium and calcium, which improve vaginal muscle health. 

Avoid processed foods & sugar

Processed foods and sugar work are opposites of probiotics that can depress the immune system, allowing harmful bacteria to enter and breed. Sugary drinks and foods can significantly damage and kill important vaginal bacteria. Such a bacterial imbalance can lead to yeast infections, irritation, soreness and dryness- all things women should stay wary of. Consequently, women should avoid consuming processed foods or drinking sugary drinks regularly. 

Stay hydrated

Drinking plenty of water is one of the best things a woman can do for her vaginal and overall health. Hydration not only helps balance the pH levels of the vagina but also prevents foul odours from surfacing down there. Drinking eight or more glasses daily can also help increase lubrication and release of secretions. Additionally, water can help prevent unnecessary irritation and itching in the intimate area and avert infections.

The Bottom Line

While women tend to focus on their exterior health, intimate or vaginal health can often take a back seat. By tweaking their regular diet: including probiotics, leafy greens, and citrus foods in their diet and excluding sugary drinks and processed foods, women can achieve optimum vaginal health. 

Avoid practising over hygiene of perineal area. Too much of scrubbing or excessive use of intimate vaginal wash can wash of the healthy vaginal bacteria which act as defence against harmful infections


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A balanced diet is essential for the smooth functioning of all aspects of health, including vaginal health. Just as the body needs the right balance of nutrients to function well, the vagina also requires healthy foods to maintain its pH level, moisture and smell. Additionally, a healthy diet can help fend off vaginal infections. On the other hand, a poor diet can affect women’s vaginal health and lead to an unbalanced pH level and bacterial infection. 

Striking the right balance of pH and bacteria in the vagina is crucial and diet can help women achieve that. The right dietary choices can go a long way in maintaining optimum vaginal health. Vaginal health is affected by everything a woman consumes, from what she eats to what she drinks. By knowing what foods to include in one’s diet and what to avoid, women can attain the perfect vaginal health and even boost their immunity. 

Include plenty of probiotics & prebiotics

The vagina, like the gut, requires healthy bacteria to maintain a normal pH level and fight infections. Consequently, foods that promote gut health can also be beneficial in promoting an optimum balance of vaginal health. A combination of probiotic foods like yogurt, curd, pickles, fermented foods and prebiotic foods such as garlic and onions can help balance pH levels, boost the production of good bacteria and prevent yeast infections. 

Opt for fresh cranberries

Fresh cranberries or pure cranberry juice instead of the sweetened one contains antioxidants and acidic compounds that fend off infections. Additionally, cranberries contain vitamin E and vitamin C, which can be pivotal in boosting immunity. Cranberries are especially advisable since they prevent UTIs in women with recurring or recent UTI issues. However, women must ensure they opt for fresh cranberries instead of store-bought juices, which contain high amounts of sugar and may worsen matters. 

Befriend citrus foods

Vaginal infections can disrupt the balance of bacteria and pH levels in the vagina. However, they can be prevented by including various citrus foods in the diet. Citrus foods like oranges, bell peppers, lemons and plums are rich in vitamin C. The presence of ascorbic acid in them can effectively reduce the risk of vaginal infections. By consuming fresh citrus foods daily, women can promote good vaginal health and keep infections at bay. 

Eat nuts & healthy fats

Nuts, avocadoes, olive oil and omega-3 fatty acids contain healthy fats that can help regulate cholesterol as well as oestrogen levels. These superfoods can help create a healthy mucosal lining that prevents infections. Almonds and other nuts containing vitamin B and calcium can prevent vaginitis. Additionally, essential fatty acids in flax seed, walnuts and more can help relieve menstrual cramping, promote circulation and reduce vaginal dryness. 

Consume leafy green vegetables

Among the long list of health benefits of leafy green vegetables, vaginal health is one of them. Dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach, kale and broccoli are blood purifiers and enhance circulation due to their many nutrients. Consequently, they can prevent vaginal dryness and increase stimulation. Additionally, these vegetables are rich in vitamin E, magnesium and calcium, which improve vaginal muscle health. 

Avoid processed foods & sugar

Processed foods and sugar work are opposites of probiotics that can depress the immune system, allowing harmful bacteria to enter and breed. Sugary drinks and foods can significantly damage and kill important vaginal bacteria. Such a bacterial imbalance can lead to yeast infections, irritation, soreness and dryness- all things women should stay wary of. Consequently, women should avoid consuming processed foods or drinking sugary drinks regularly. 

Stay hydrated

Drinking plenty of water is one of the best things a woman can do for her vaginal and overall health. Hydration not only helps balance the pH levels of the vagina but also prevents foul odours from surfacing down there. Drinking eight or more glasses daily can also help increase lubrication and release of secretions. Additionally, water can help prevent unnecessary irritation and itching in the intimate area and avert infections.

The Bottom Line

While women tend to focus on their exterior health, intimate or vaginal health can often take a back seat. By tweaking their regular diet: including probiotics, leafy greens, and citrus foods in their diet and excluding sugary drinks and processed foods, women can achieve optimum vaginal health. 

Avoid practising over hygiene of perineal area. Too much of scrubbing or excessive use of intimate vaginal wash can wash of the healthy vaginal bacteria which act as defence against harmful infections


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            [blog_title] => Everything You Need to Know About a Colposcopy
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What is a colposcopy?

A colposcopy is a diagnostic test that takes a closer look at the cervix, the vagina, and the vulva. It is an in-office procedure that usually takes less than thirty minutes. A magnifying instrument with a light called a colposcope, is used to check the cervix for any abnormal cell changes, growths, or lesions.

Who needs a Colposcopy?

If your pelvic exam or Pap smear has shown any abnormal results, your doctor may recommend a colposcopy. This test will look into the vagina and the cervix for any cell changes or abnormal growth. A colposcopy is also conducted to look for any signs of cervical cancer.

A colposcopy is not a Gynecology surgery. It may be suggested as the next step if a pelvic exam shows any of the following results:


	
Genital warts
	
Irregular bleeding
	
Polyps (small, abnormal tissue growth)
	
Inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis)
	
Cancer


If colposcopy shows any abnormal growth, they may retrieve a sample for biopsy. A colposcopy is limited to the cervix and does not extend to the uterus. It may only reveal any issues that can be detected within the vagina and the cervix.

Colposcopy Procedure

The colposcopy is preferably conducted when you are not menstruating, thus giving a better look at your cervical tissue. You will be required to lie with your feet raised on the footrests, as one would during a pelvic exam. A speculum will be used to hold your vaginal walls open.

Using a cotton swab, a mild solution will be applied to your cervical and vaginal area. It will help identify abnormalities in the area. The solution may cause a slight irritation, but if you experience excessive discomfort, bring it to the attention of your doctor.

The colposcope is placed at the opening of the vagina. It will not be inserted into the vaginal opening. If any abnormalities are detected, your doctor may take a swab or a sample. This may be slightly uncomfortable.

How to Prepare for a Colposcopy

Colposcopy is considered to be a safe procedure. Here are a few tips you should remember when you are preparing for a colposcopy.


	
It is best to not use anything in your vagina before the procedure. Avoid using any tampons, vaginal cleansing products, creams, etc. 24 to 48 hours before your test.
	
Avoid engaging in any sexual activities before your test.
	
If you are taking any blood-thinning drugs, consult your doctor about whether you may be required to stop them before the test.


Depending on where you are undergoing the test, you may be required to change into a patient gown for the procedure. If not, it is advisable to wear comfortable clothes. There are no diet restrictions to follow before the test.

If you experience any fear or anxiety about the test, remember that the test is generally not invasive or painful. It is relatively quick, and you can resume your routine within a few minutes. Practice grounding or relaxation techniques before the procedure, if necessary.

After the Test

You may need to relax for a few minutes after the test. If any samples were collected during the procedure, you may experience some pain or spotting over the next couple of days. In case of heavy, irregular bleeding or vaginal discharge, fever, or pelvic pain, consult your doctor immediately.

You should expect test results within the next week.

Colposcopy is a simple test that you can get through in a matter of an hour. Ensure that you get some rest after, if necessary.


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What is a colposcopy?

A colposcopy is a diagnostic test that takes a closer look at the cervix, the vagina, and the vulva. It is an in-office procedure that usually takes less than thirty minutes. A magnifying instrument with a light called a colposcope, is used to check the cervix for any abnormal cell changes, growths, or lesions.

Who needs a Colposcopy?

If your pelvic exam or Pap smear has shown any abnormal results, your doctor may recommend a colposcopy. This test will look into the vagina and the cervix for any cell changes or abnormal growth. A colposcopy is also conducted to look for any signs of cervical cancer.

A colposcopy is not a Gynecology surgery. It may be suggested as the next step if a pelvic exam shows any of the following results:


	
Genital warts
	
Irregular bleeding
	
Polyps (small, abnormal tissue growth)
	
Inflammation of the cervix (cervicitis)
	
Cancer


If colposcopy shows any abnormal growth, they may retrieve a sample for biopsy. A colposcopy is limited to the cervix and does not extend to the uterus. It may only reveal any issues that can be detected within the vagina and the cervix.

Colposcopy Procedure

The colposcopy is preferably conducted when you are not menstruating, thus giving a better look at your cervical tissue. You will be required to lie with your feet raised on the footrests, as one would during a pelvic exam. A speculum will be used to hold your vaginal walls open.

Using a cotton swab, a mild solution will be applied to your cervical and vaginal area. It will help identify abnormalities in the area. The solution may cause a slight irritation, but if you experience excessive discomfort, bring it to the attention of your doctor.

The colposcope is placed at the opening of the vagina. It will not be inserted into the vaginal opening. If any abnormalities are detected, your doctor may take a swab or a sample. This may be slightly uncomfortable.

How to Prepare for a Colposcopy

Colposcopy is considered to be a safe procedure. Here are a few tips you should remember when you are preparing for a colposcopy.


	
It is best to not use anything in your vagina before the procedure. Avoid using any tampons, vaginal cleansing products, creams, etc. 24 to 48 hours before your test.
	
Avoid engaging in any sexual activities before your test.
	
If you are taking any blood-thinning drugs, consult your doctor about whether you may be required to stop them before the test.


Depending on where you are undergoing the test, you may be required to change into a patient gown for the procedure. If not, it is advisable to wear comfortable clothes. There are no diet restrictions to follow before the test.

If you experience any fear or anxiety about the test, remember that the test is generally not invasive or painful. It is relatively quick, and you can resume your routine within a few minutes. Practice grounding or relaxation techniques before the procedure, if necessary.

After the Test

You may need to relax for a few minutes after the test. If any samples were collected during the procedure, you may experience some pain or spotting over the next couple of days. In case of heavy, irregular bleeding or vaginal discharge, fever, or pelvic pain, consult your doctor immediately.

You should expect test results within the next week.

Colposcopy is a simple test that you can get through in a matter of an hour. Ensure that you get some rest after, if necessary.


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            [blog_title] => SUCTION EVACUATION
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The method used for abortion depends on the stage of pregnancy of the woman. If you are in your first trimester, that is, around 1 to 12 weeks of period of gestation, then you can consider suction evacuation for abortion which is considered as one of the best surgical abortion methods in the first trimester.  Regardless of the source of suction, ‘vacuum curettage’, ‘vacuum aspiration’, and ‘uterine aspiration’, all refer to the evacuation of the uterus by suction. All of these procedures are outpatient, which means, you don’t need to stay in the hospital or clinic overnight and the procedure is completed within 3 to 6 hours.

Abortion is an as critical decision as is pregnancy. The specialists at Apollo Cradle Jayanagar understands your concerns on the emotional and technical level as well. You can put forward all your queries and doubts in front of the doctors. The doctors are highly experienced and will guide you through the entire process. You can request for a counseling session to have an elaborate discussion with the doctor.

Before the procedure:

Your insurance information is verified and you are asked to fill up some forms mentioning your medical history. The doctor will administer you with pre-antibiotics. You might be asked to fast a few hours before the procedure is conducted. You will receive a pre-abortion workup, which includes pregnancy tests, blood tests, physical examination, and other tests. In some cases, the specialists might feel the need to perform an ultrasound scan to ensure there are no abnormalities in the fetus or the uterus. After all the checkups are done, you can go for the counseling session which lasts around 20-40 minutes, during which you will discuss the best method suitable for you. The doctors at Apollo Cradle are gynecologists obstetricians with high-level specialized training in family planning and abortion. You will receive some medications, to soften your cervix for the procedure.

The doctor will elaborate on different types of pain management during the procedure. You will receive local anesthesia to numb your cervix during the procedure. You might receive oral medications to mildly sedate you so that you are awake but relaxed.

During the procedure:

Once you are prepared, you will lie down with your feet in stirrups. A speculum will be inserted into your vagina using which the doctor will examine the uterus. An anesthetic is used to numb your cervix, and thin rods called dilators will be used to stretch the opening of the cervix. Next, a tube is inserted into the cervix, through which a suction machine is inserted. The suction machine is used to remove fetus and placenta. Hence, all the pregnancy tissues are removed using this suction machine. This procedure usually takes around 10-15 minutes. After the procedure is successful you are allowed to rest for some time under observation. You might be given antibiotics to prevent any chances of infection. The procedure is painless but you might feel a cramp similar to menstrual cramp, towards the end of the process which is caused due to the shrinking of the uterus to its original size.

After the procedure:

You might notice some cramping and spotting for up to 2 weeks. The doctor might give you some painkillers to relieve the pain due to cramps. Some medications are also prescribed to avoid infections. You might be asked to not lift heavy weights for a few days. Your doctor will guide you clearly through all the do’s and don’ts. Follow the instructions, and you might consult the doctor about when to have sexual intercourse after the procedure. You should contact your doctor in case you experience severe pain, heavy bleeding or high fever after the procedure.


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The method used for abortion depends on the stage of pregnancy of the woman. If you are in your first trimester, that is, around 1 to 12 weeks of period of gestation, then you can consider suction evacuation for abortion which is considered as one of the best surgical abortion methods in the first trimester.  Regardless of the source of suction, ‘vacuum curettage’, ‘vacuum aspiration’, and ‘uterine aspiration’, all refer to the evacuation of the uterus by suction. All of these procedures are outpatient, which means, you don’t need to stay in the hospital or clinic overnight and the procedure is completed within 3 to 6 hours.

Abortion is an as critical decision as is pregnancy. The specialists at Apollo Cradle Jayanagar understands your concerns on the emotional and technical level as well. You can put forward all your queries and doubts in front of the doctors. The doctors are highly experienced and will guide you through the entire process. You can request for a counseling session to have an elaborate discussion with the doctor.

Before the procedure:

Your insurance information is verified and you are asked to fill up some forms mentioning your medical history. The doctor will administer you with pre-antibiotics. You might be asked to fast a few hours before the procedure is conducted. You will receive a pre-abortion workup, which includes pregnancy tests, blood tests, physical examination, and other tests. In some cases, the specialists might feel the need to perform an ultrasound scan to ensure there are no abnormalities in the fetus or the uterus. After all the checkups are done, you can go for the counseling session which lasts around 20-40 minutes, during which you will discuss the best method suitable for you. The doctors at Apollo Cradle are gynecologists obstetricians with high-level specialized training in family planning and abortion. You will receive some medications, to soften your cervix for the procedure.

The doctor will elaborate on different types of pain management during the procedure. You will receive local anesthesia to numb your cervix during the procedure. You might receive oral medications to mildly sedate you so that you are awake but relaxed.

During the procedure:

Once you are prepared, you will lie down with your feet in stirrups. A speculum will be inserted into your vagina using which the doctor will examine the uterus. An anesthetic is used to numb your cervix, and thin rods called dilators will be used to stretch the opening of the cervix. Next, a tube is inserted into the cervix, through which a suction machine is inserted. The suction machine is used to remove fetus and placenta. Hence, all the pregnancy tissues are removed using this suction machine. This procedure usually takes around 10-15 minutes. After the procedure is successful you are allowed to rest for some time under observation. You might be given antibiotics to prevent any chances of infection. The procedure is painless but you might feel a cramp similar to menstrual cramp, towards the end of the process which is caused due to the shrinking of the uterus to its original size.

After the procedure:

You might notice some cramping and spotting for up to 2 weeks. The doctor might give you some painkillers to relieve the pain due to cramps. Some medications are also prescribed to avoid infections. You might be asked to not lift heavy weights for a few days. Your doctor will guide you clearly through all the do’s and don’ts. Follow the instructions, and you might consult the doctor about when to have sexual intercourse after the procedure. You should contact your doctor in case you experience severe pain, heavy bleeding or high fever after the procedure.


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Cervical Cerclage is a treatment done for cervical insufficiency or incompetence which may lead to late miscarriage or preterm birth during pregnancy when the cervix starts to shorten or open too early. Cervical Cerclage is recommended to women in order to prevent premature labour. Cervix is basically the lowest part of the uterus which extends into the vagina of the woman. It is a funnel-shaped tissue from where the baby comes out of the uterus and through the vagina during childbirth.

The Cervical Cerclage treatment helps to prevent the early changes in a woman’s cervix. For the woman who has had one or more late miscarriages in the past, it is advisable to undergo the treatment in the first or second trimester of pregnancy. The procedure is done at the surgical centre or at a hospital where the patient can go home on the same day after the procedure.

Doctors advised getting the patient examined routinely to avoid any further complications. The Successful procedure leads to full-term pregnancy with less risk involved. There are various methods for performing Cervical Cerclage, including transvaginal surgery, transabdominal surgery, and Transvaginal Cervico-Isthmic surgery.

Who are eligible candidates for the Cervical Cerclage procedure?

Doctors recommend Cervical Cerclage to women with a high risk of cervical incompetence. If the woman has weakened cervix, doctors may insert a stitch in the cervix. This is done in the 24th week of the pregnancy if the cervix begins to open early or shortens. There are various factors which can make the cervix weaken that includes previous miscarriage or premature delivery.

Why Cervical Cerclage is done?

As the baby grows, the pressure on the cervix may cause the cervix to start to open before the baby is ready to be born. Cervical Cerclage is done when the cervix is weak and there is a possible chance of it getting open. Although Cervical cerclage cannot be performed for those who are dilated more than 4 centimetres, or have ruptured membranes where the foetus has died. A weak cervix can be due to the following factors –


	
A ‘LEEP’ Procedure or a previous ‘cone biopsy’
	
Due to abortion, chances of the damaged cervix
	
Due to second trimester miscarriages or pregnancy loss with painless dilation of the cervix
	
If the patient has cervical cerclage during the previous pregnancy


When can a Cervical Cerclage treatment be used?

Cervical Cerclage procedure can be done in the third month i.e. in the 12 to 14 weeks of pregnancy. The procedure can be done at a later stage of the pregnancy as well which is known as emergent cerclage. It is necessary to proceed with the changes such as shortening or opening of the cervix. Future pregnancies might require a cervical cerclage if an emergent cerclage is performed.

What can you expect before the Cervical Cerclage procedure?

Before the procedure begins, an ultrasound image of the womb is done by the doctor to check the baby’s growth and health. The doctor may also check if there is any infection. If there is any injection found, doctors recommend antibiotics and you might need to finish the treatment before the cervical stitch. Doctors may take a sample of amniotic fluids by putting a needle gently through the belly into the uterus or take a swab of the cervical mucus.

How to prepare for the Cervical Cerclage Procedure?

A number of preparatory steps are completed before the actual procedure is performed. That includes –


	
Analysis of complete medical history is done and a cervical examination will be conducted to check and assess the cervix.
	
Baby’s vital signs and major birth defects are checked by performing an ultrasound of the vagina.
	
Amniocentesis can be performed by the doctor. It is a procedure in which small samples of amniotic fluids are retrieved and tested. This is done to identify if the foetus has any chromosomal abnormalities.
	
Medications and antibiotics are prescribed by the doctor if the patient has an infection.
	
A day prior to the surgery i.e. after midnight, the patient is not allowed to have any food or drink to avoid vomiting and nausea during and after the cerclage treatment.
	
Doctors advise the patient to abstain from sexual intercourse, use of douche or tampons 24 hours before the procedure.
	
In order to administer fluids and medications, an intravenous catheter is placed.


What is done during the Procedure?

Before the actual start of the procedure, medicines are given to the patient to numb the pain. If the doctor is using regional anesthesia which is also called as an epidural or spinal, with the help of a needle, the doctor will inject the drug into the back of the patient. General anesthesia is usually given to make the patient go to sleep so that they do not feel anything.

The cervical cerclage procedure is either done through the belly (transabdominal) or through the vagina (transvaginal).


	
Transabdominal surgery is needed if the patient had a cervical stitch previously and it did not work. For the patient who has a very short cervix, transabdominal surgery is recommended. A small cut is made in the belly by the doctor where the uterus is pulled up to reach the cervix and close it.
	
Transvaginal surgery is one of the common ways to do cervical cerclage treatment. Doctors need to hold the vagina open in order to reach the cervix using a tool called a speculum. The cervix is then stitched close by the doctor.


What a patient can expect after procedure?

The patient might be required to stay hospitalized for a few hours or maybe overnight. The patient is monitored for premature labor or contraction. Once the procedure is done, the patient might experience mild cramping or light bleeding, which will stop after a few days. He/she may also experience increased thick vaginal discharge for a few days. Doctor will recommend medicines to prevent preterm labor or infection. It is advised to avoid unnecessary physical activity and to relax at home for 2 to 3 days after the procedure. Your doctor may recommend to abstain from sexual intercourse at least one week prior and a week after the procedure is done.

Cervical Cerclage Aftercare

After the surgery, it is important for the patient to recover well while the doctor can keep you under observation. Medications, reduced or no physical activities, no sexual activities are some of the aftercare measures advised by the doctors.

Benefits of Cervical Cerclage

Cervical Cerclage is usually successful in about 85 to 90 percent of the cases.


	
It helps to prevent premature labor or miscarriages caused due to cervical incompetence.
	
Reduction in preterm birth


Risks of having a Cervical Cerclage procedure

Even though Cervical Cerclage is a safe procedure, there are few potential complications that might arise during or after the surgery. Some of the risks associated with cervical cerclage treatment are–


	
Bleeding
	
Injury to the bladder or cervix
	
Displacement of the cervix
	
Premature labor
	
Early breaking of the water
	
Injection of the cervix and amniotic sac (chorioamnionitis)
	
Cervical rupture that might occur if the stitch is not removed before labor.
	
Premature rupture of membranes and cervical dystocia with failure to dilate that can require Cesarean section


It is recommended to consult the doctor if any bleeding or fluid leak is observed by the patient. The doctor might decide to take the stitches out early or not based on this condition.

When is Cervical Cerclage not recommended?

Cervical Cerclage is usually not recommended if you have the following –


	
Bleeding in the vagina
	
Preterm Labor
	
Uterus infection
	
The Amniotic sac through the cervix has bulged
	
If the amniotic sac also called a bag of waters gets broke or leaked before 37 weeks of pregnancy.


Cervical Cerclage is only recommended for women pregnant with only one child.

When to contact doctor?

It is highly recommended to consult your doctor if you experience below symptoms after the cervical cerclage is placed.


	
A fever or chills over 100 F
	
Vomiting or nausea
	
Bleeding in the vagina
	
Back pain or lower abdominal pain
	
Cramping and contractions
	
Leaking or water breakage
	
Foul smell during vaginal discharge


Apollo Cradle Jayanagar is a well-known hospital that handles cases of Cervical Cerclage. The doctors, nurses, and technicians are well trained and highly experienced. Apollo Cradle is one of the most trusted maternity hospitals in India for both the mother and child care.

Why Choose Apollo Cradle Jayanagar?

Apollo Cradle offers the most advanced maternity treatment to its patients with the highest quality care by top doctors and gynecologists in the country. Various medical specialties are available that includes Laparoscopy, Gynaecology, Fertility, Fetal Medicine and NICU, Pediatrics, and Neonatology. All these wards are supported by highly qualified pregnancy specialists.

Facilities offered at Apollo Cradle Jayanagar includes –


	
Specialized Labor and delivery rooms for the patients
	
No prize difference for normal delivery and Caesarean section (Maternity surgery)
	
Highly trained Gynecologists, nurses, and technicians
	
Surgical ICU and Level III NICU
	
Ventilator equipped ambulances
	
24×7 pharmacy available
	
Offers a range of maternity packages
	
Ultrasound imaging with state-of-the-art facility
	
Apollo Experts available for consultations


The doctors at Apollo Cradle always encourage patients for a normal and healthy delivery. The experienced gynaecologists ensure that the patient gets the best maternity experience even if there is any high-risk involved in the pregnancy to conceive via normal delivery. It is the choice mother to decide for the maternity surgery or for a normal delivery while the doctors at Apollo Cradle helps the patient to take the right decision for the pregnancy. With 36 years of legacy in clinical excellence, Apollo Cradle serves with the best treatment ensuring safety for both mother and the child.


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Cervical Cerclage is a treatment done for cervical insufficiency or incompetence which may lead to late miscarriage or preterm birth during pregnancy when the cervix starts to shorten or open too early. Cervical Cerclage is recommended to women in order to prevent premature labour. Cervix is basically the lowest part of the uterus which extends into the vagina of the woman. It is a funnel-shaped tissue from where the baby comes out of the uterus and through the vagina during childbirth.

The Cervical Cerclage treatment helps to prevent the early changes in a woman’s cervix. For the woman who has had one or more late miscarriages in the past, it is advisable to undergo the treatment in the first or second trimester of pregnancy. The procedure is done at the surgical centre or at a hospital where the patient can go home on the same day after the procedure.

Doctors advised getting the patient examined routinely to avoid any further complications. The Successful procedure leads to full-term pregnancy with less risk involved. There are various methods for performing Cervical Cerclage, including transvaginal surgery, transabdominal surgery, and Transvaginal Cervico-Isthmic surgery.

Who are eligible candidates for the Cervical Cerclage procedure?

Doctors recommend Cervical Cerclage to women with a high risk of cervical incompetence. If the woman has weakened cervix, doctors may insert a stitch in the cervix. This is done in the 24th week of the pregnancy if the cervix begins to open early or shortens. There are various factors which can make the cervix weaken that includes previous miscarriage or premature delivery.

Why Cervical Cerclage is done?

As the baby grows, the pressure on the cervix may cause the cervix to start to open before the baby is ready to be born. Cervical Cerclage is done when the cervix is weak and there is a possible chance of it getting open. Although Cervical cerclage cannot be performed for those who are dilated more than 4 centimetres, or have ruptured membranes where the foetus has died. A weak cervix can be due to the following factors –


	
A ‘LEEP’ Procedure or a previous ‘cone biopsy’
	
Due to abortion, chances of the damaged cervix
	
Due to second trimester miscarriages or pregnancy loss with painless dilation of the cervix
	
If the patient has cervical cerclage during the previous pregnancy


When can a Cervical Cerclage treatment be used?

Cervical Cerclage procedure can be done in the third month i.e. in the 12 to 14 weeks of pregnancy. The procedure can be done at a later stage of the pregnancy as well which is known as emergent cerclage. It is necessary to proceed with the changes such as shortening or opening of the cervix. Future pregnancies might require a cervical cerclage if an emergent cerclage is performed.

What can you expect before the Cervical Cerclage procedure?

Before the procedure begins, an ultrasound image of the womb is done by the doctor to check the baby’s growth and health. The doctor may also check if there is any infection. If there is any injection found, doctors recommend antibiotics and you might need to finish the treatment before the cervical stitch. Doctors may take a sample of amniotic fluids by putting a needle gently through the belly into the uterus or take a swab of the cervical mucus.

How to prepare for the Cervical Cerclage Procedure?

A number of preparatory steps are completed before the actual procedure is performed. That includes –


	
Analysis of complete medical history is done and a cervical examination will be conducted to check and assess the cervix.
	
Baby’s vital signs and major birth defects are checked by performing an ultrasound of the vagina.
	
Amniocentesis can be performed by the doctor. It is a procedure in which small samples of amniotic fluids are retrieved and tested. This is done to identify if the foetus has any chromosomal abnormalities.
	
Medications and antibiotics are prescribed by the doctor if the patient has an infection.
	
A day prior to the surgery i.e. after midnight, the patient is not allowed to have any food or drink to avoid vomiting and nausea during and after the cerclage treatment.
	
Doctors advise the patient to abstain from sexual intercourse, use of douche or tampons 24 hours before the procedure.
	
In order to administer fluids and medications, an intravenous catheter is placed.


What is done during the Procedure?

Before the actual start of the procedure, medicines are given to the patient to numb the pain. If the doctor is using regional anesthesia which is also called as an epidural or spinal, with the help of a needle, the doctor will inject the drug into the back of the patient. General anesthesia is usually given to make the patient go to sleep so that they do not feel anything.

The cervical cerclage procedure is either done through the belly (transabdominal) or through the vagina (transvaginal).


	
Transabdominal surgery is needed if the patient had a cervical stitch previously and it did not work. For the patient who has a very short cervix, transabdominal surgery is recommended. A small cut is made in the belly by the doctor where the uterus is pulled up to reach the cervix and close it.
	
Transvaginal surgery is one of the common ways to do cervical cerclage treatment. Doctors need to hold the vagina open in order to reach the cervix using a tool called a speculum. The cervix is then stitched close by the doctor.


What a patient can expect after procedure?

The patient might be required to stay hospitalized for a few hours or maybe overnight. The patient is monitored for premature labor or contraction. Once the procedure is done, the patient might experience mild cramping or light bleeding, which will stop after a few days. He/she may also experience increased thick vaginal discharge for a few days. Doctor will recommend medicines to prevent preterm labor or infection. It is advised to avoid unnecessary physical activity and to relax at home for 2 to 3 days after the procedure. Your doctor may recommend to abstain from sexual intercourse at least one week prior and a week after the procedure is done.

Cervical Cerclage Aftercare

After the surgery, it is important for the patient to recover well while the doctor can keep you under observation. Medications, reduced or no physical activities, no sexual activities are some of the aftercare measures advised by the doctors.

Benefits of Cervical Cerclage

Cervical Cerclage is usually successful in about 85 to 90 percent of the cases.


	
It helps to prevent premature labor or miscarriages caused due to cervical incompetence.
	
Reduction in preterm birth


Risks of having a Cervical Cerclage procedure

Even though Cervical Cerclage is a safe procedure, there are few potential complications that might arise during or after the surgery. Some of the risks associated with cervical cerclage treatment are–


	
Bleeding
	
Injury to the bladder or cervix
	
Displacement of the cervix
	
Premature labor
	
Early breaking of the water
	
Injection of the cervix and amniotic sac (chorioamnionitis)
	
Cervical rupture that might occur if the stitch is not removed before labor.
	
Premature rupture of membranes and cervical dystocia with failure to dilate that can require Cesarean section


It is recommended to consult the doctor if any bleeding or fluid leak is observed by the patient. The doctor might decide to take the stitches out early or not based on this condition.

When is Cervical Cerclage not recommended?

Cervical Cerclage is usually not recommended if you have the following –


	
Bleeding in the vagina
	
Preterm Labor
	
Uterus infection
	
The Amniotic sac through the cervix has bulged
	
If the amniotic sac also called a bag of waters gets broke or leaked before 37 weeks of pregnancy.


Cervical Cerclage is only recommended for women pregnant with only one child.

When to contact doctor?

It is highly recommended to consult your doctor if you experience below symptoms after the cervical cerclage is placed.


	
A fever or chills over 100 F
	
Vomiting or nausea
	
Bleeding in the vagina
	
Back pain or lower abdominal pain
	
Cramping and contractions
	
Leaking or water breakage
	
Foul smell during vaginal discharge


Apollo Cradle Jayanagar is a well-known hospital that handles cases of Cervical Cerclage. The doctors, nurses, and technicians are well trained and highly experienced. Apollo Cradle is one of the most trusted maternity hospitals in India for both the mother and child care.

Why Choose Apollo Cradle Jayanagar?

Apollo Cradle offers the most advanced maternity treatment to its patients with the highest quality care by top doctors and gynecologists in the country. Various medical specialties are available that includes Laparoscopy, Gynaecology, Fertility, Fetal Medicine and NICU, Pediatrics, and Neonatology. All these wards are supported by highly qualified pregnancy specialists.

Facilities offered at Apollo Cradle Jayanagar includes –


	
Specialized Labor and delivery rooms for the patients
	
No prize difference for normal delivery and Caesarean section (Maternity surgery)
	
Highly trained Gynecologists, nurses, and technicians
	
Surgical ICU and Level III NICU
	
Ventilator equipped ambulances
	
24×7 pharmacy available
	
Offers a range of maternity packages
	
Ultrasound imaging with state-of-the-art facility
	
Apollo Experts available for consultations


The doctors at Apollo Cradle always encourage patients for a normal and healthy delivery. The experienced gynaecologists ensure that the patient gets the best maternity experience even if there is any high-risk involved in the pregnancy to conceive via normal delivery. It is the choice mother to decide for the maternity surgery or for a normal delivery while the doctors at Apollo Cradle helps the patient to take the right decision for the pregnancy. With 36 years of legacy in clinical excellence, Apollo Cradle serves with the best treatment ensuring safety for both mother and the child.


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The Bartholin’s cyst are the fluid-filled sac which automatically develops inside the opening of the vagina. These cysts are generally benign and usually feels like small painless lumps, which are soft when they are touched. These are formed around the area of Bartholin’s glands. The Bartholin’s glands are a pair of small-sized racemose glands present in the right and left side of the opening of the vagina. Bartholin’s glands help secrete mucus for the lubrication of the vagina. The fluid secreted by these glands slightly moisten the opening of the vagina to make contact with this area more comfortable.

The Bartholin’s glands can become inflamed and blocked which signs towards the development of cysts in the opening of the vagina. When the Bartholin’s cyst inflames then this condition is called as bartholinitis. The cyst may become infected, and an abscess may develop in the gland. This infected cyst turns out in an intense red colour and feels painful and hot, which can also lead to a high temperature of 38 degrees C and above.

However, if these cysts grow in size, then they might become noticeable and uncomfortable. People feel pain inside the skin around the vagina (vulva) while they walk, sit down or during sexual intercourse. These cysts can sometimes affect the outer region of the area surrounding the vagina (labia majora). As a result, one side of the vagina may look bigger or swollen than the other side. Sometimes home remedies can treat Bartholin’s cysts but in some cases, surgery is required.

WHO SHOULD UNDERGO THIS SURGERY

Women with the symptoms of Bartholin’s cysts or abscesses are advised to undergo an excision procedure to get relief from the symptoms of Bartholin’s cysts. When the surgery is performed systematically, then the procedure can treat the condition and prevent the reoccurrences of such issues in the future.

The severity of the symptoms are the major factors on which the treatment of Bartholin’s cysts typically depends. A number of patients do not experience any symptoms related to this treatment which means that surgery is not required in such cases. While, surgical intervention is only recommended when the Bartholin’s cysts are causing serious problems which include pain at the time of performing daily life activities such as walking, sitting or during intercourse.

Before undergoing surgery, an obstetric-gynecologist (OB-GYNE) will clean the area to examine the discharge from the vagina and if needed, he will recommend a biopsy to study whether he can safely excise the cysts or the symptoms are indicating towards a more serious problem. It could be anything like vulval cancer. The doctor usually recommends an excision only when the abscesses develops.

Women are advised to see the doctor if they have developed a painful lump near the vaginal opening which is not healing even after a self-care (soaking the area where cysts have been developed with warm water) of three to four days and the pain is getting severe. Also, those women who have crossed 40 and have developed a new lump near their opening of the vagina should contact the doctor as soon as possible as it might be due to some serious problems.

SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES

If women have developed a small non-infectious Bartholin’s cyst, they might not notice it. If the cysts grow at the opening of the vagina, a lump or mass near the vaginal opening is felt. Although a cyst is generally painless it can become painful. A fully grown infection of the Bartholin’s cysts can also occur in a matter of days. If the cysts become infected then women may experience a painful lump near the opening of the vagina and discomfort at the time of sitting and walking, painful sexual intercourse, chills, and fever. The Bartholin’s cysts and abscess usually occur at only one side of the opening of the vagina.

The Bartholin’s glands are a pea-sized pair of glands present right behind and each side of the area that surround the opening of the vagina. These glands are generally not noticeable because they are rarely more than 1cm. The Bartholin’s glands are known for the secretion of fluid which acts as a lubricant during intercourse. The fluid secreted by these glands travels down through the tiny tubes known as ducts into the vagina. The cyst can range from the size of a pea to the size of a golf ball.

It is believed by the experts that the cause behind the Bartholin’s cyst is the backup of fluid. The Bartholin’s cysts become infected after the formation of an abscess. If the ducts get blocked then they get filled with this fluid and develop in the form of a cyst. The reason behind why the ducts become blocked is often not known but in some cases, the reason is linked to STIs sexually transmitted bacterial infections which are gonorrhea, chlamydia, streptococcus pneumonia. Other bacterial infections like Escherichia coli which affects the water supply, is also one of the reasons in some cases.

Women are more likely to develop Bartholin’s cysts when they are:

– Sexually active and young

– Have become pregnant only once.

– Have not become pregnant yet.

– In their 20s and 30s.

* The Bartholin’s cysts do not affect children as these glands don’t start functioning until puberty and these cysts are also not common after the menopausal period as the Bartholin glands shrink after menopause.

TREATMENT

If women don’t have any symptoms which are noticeable, it is not likely to have a treatment but the women will be asked for a time to time report about any growth in the size of the cysts. If the cysts are painful, then the doctor may recommend some common and simple treatments to be done at home such as soaking the cysts in warm water for three to four days several times a day and taking painkillers prescribed by a doctor. If these home remedies do not work, then other more treatments are available to cure the pain and any infections. And if the doctor finds it necessary, then he can drain out the cyst. Most of the treatments include some minor surgeries. But sometimes the Bartholin’s cysts return after treatment. If a woman has already got into the menopausal period and find any lump near the vaginal area, then it should be reported to the doctor. In the minor surgery, the doctor will insert a surgical instrument called a catheter into the cyst. Other treatments involve:

MARSUPIALIZATION

In this process, the surgeon makes a cut in the cyst so that the fluid can drain out. After that, the surgeon stitches the edges of the skin while leaving some parts open only for the secretion.

CARBON DIOXIDE LASER

This process is used to create an opening which can help to drain out the cyst.

NEEDLE ASPIRATION

A needle is used in this procedure to drain the cyst. After this process of draining the cyst, the empty place is then filled with an alcohol liquid solution of 70 percent to reduce the chances of infection.

GLAND EXCISION

In some of the cases, the cysts kept re-occurring and not respond to any of the treatments, then the doctor might recommend for the removal of the Bartholin gland.

THE BALLOON CATHETER TECHNIQUE

This technique is also referred to as fistulization and catheter placement. In this, the surgeon drains out the fluid or mucus present inside a Bartholin’s cyst. The woman is first given local anesthesia. Some women may also opt for general anesthesia. After that, the surgeon makes a cut in the cyst or in an abscess to drain the fluid out. When the cyst is empty, then the surgeon will insert a surgical instrument catheter along with an inflatable balloon at one of the ends. The surgeon fills the balloon with a saline solution.

The surgeon will suture the incision partially by leaving enough opening for the catheter. After that, the surgeon will leave the catheter in the place to heal the wound. In the process known as ‘epithelialization,’ new cells will be grown near the catheter. After this process of epithelialization, the surgeon will drain out the balloon and the catheter will be removed.

MARSUPIALIZATION

The technique of marsupialization is commonly recommended to women suffering from the problem of recurring cysts and abscesses. The first and foremost the patient will be given general anesthesia. After that, the surgeon will make a cut in the cyst so that all the fluid can drain out. The surgeon will then make stitches on the edges of the skin near the abscess or cyst by creating a little pouch. Due to this pouch, additional fluid and further draining will be facilitated. Now the surgeon will close this area by a sterile dressing, which will soak up the fluid left inside and stop the bleeding. Both the techniques are performed on an outpatient basis and the patient is discharged immediately after the anesthesia wears off.

Consult your doctor to know more about the treatment option best suited for your condition. These kinds of surgeries should be performed under the supervision of an expert surgeon, doctor, and consultants. Apollo Cradle Jayanagar is a place where they have a well-trained team of competent and experienced doctors, surgeons, nurses and technicians with high success rates.


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            [published_date] => 2019-07-20
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            [updatedBy] => 1
            [createdDate] => 2023-10-17 08:36:53
            [updatedDate] => 2024-05-04 09:08:36
            [ip_address] => 14.143.187.126
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            [blogcat_id] => 10
            [blog_title] => BARTHOLIN CYST EXCISION
            [metaTitle] => BARTHOLIN CYST EXCISION
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            [seo_url] => bartholin-cyst-excision
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The Bartholin’s cyst are the fluid-filled sac which automatically develops inside the opening of the vagina. These cysts are generally benign and usually feels like small painless lumps, which are soft when they are touched. These are formed around the area of Bartholin’s glands. The Bartholin’s glands are a pair of small-sized racemose glands present in the right and left side of the opening of the vagina. Bartholin’s glands help secrete mucus for the lubrication of the vagina. The fluid secreted by these glands slightly moisten the opening of the vagina to make contact with this area more comfortable.

The Bartholin’s glands can become inflamed and blocked which signs towards the development of cysts in the opening of the vagina. When the Bartholin’s cyst inflames then this condition is called as bartholinitis. The cyst may become infected, and an abscess may develop in the gland. This infected cyst turns out in an intense red colour and feels painful and hot, which can also lead to a high temperature of 38 degrees C and above.

However, if these cysts grow in size, then they might become noticeable and uncomfortable. People feel pain inside the skin around the vagina (vulva) while they walk, sit down or during sexual intercourse. These cysts can sometimes affect the outer region of the area surrounding the vagina (labia majora). As a result, one side of the vagina may look bigger or swollen than the other side. Sometimes home remedies can treat Bartholin’s cysts but in some cases, surgery is required.

WHO SHOULD UNDERGO THIS SURGERY

Women with the symptoms of Bartholin’s cysts or abscesses are advised to undergo an excision procedure to get relief from the symptoms of Bartholin’s cysts. When the surgery is performed systematically, then the procedure can treat the condition and prevent the reoccurrences of such issues in the future.

The severity of the symptoms are the major factors on which the treatment of Bartholin’s cysts typically depends. A number of patients do not experience any symptoms related to this treatment which means that surgery is not required in such cases. While, surgical intervention is only recommended when the Bartholin’s cysts are causing serious problems which include pain at the time of performing daily life activities such as walking, sitting or during intercourse.

Before undergoing surgery, an obstetric-gynecologist (OB-GYNE) will clean the area to examine the discharge from the vagina and if needed, he will recommend a biopsy to study whether he can safely excise the cysts or the symptoms are indicating towards a more serious problem. It could be anything like vulval cancer. The doctor usually recommends an excision only when the abscesses develops.

Women are advised to see the doctor if they have developed a painful lump near the vaginal opening which is not healing even after a self-care (soaking the area where cysts have been developed with warm water) of three to four days and the pain is getting severe. Also, those women who have crossed 40 and have developed a new lump near their opening of the vagina should contact the doctor as soon as possible as it might be due to some serious problems.

SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES

If women have developed a small non-infectious Bartholin’s cyst, they might not notice it. If the cysts grow at the opening of the vagina, a lump or mass near the vaginal opening is felt. Although a cyst is generally painless it can become painful. A fully grown infection of the Bartholin’s cysts can also occur in a matter of days. If the cysts become infected then women may experience a painful lump near the opening of the vagina and discomfort at the time of sitting and walking, painful sexual intercourse, chills, and fever. The Bartholin’s cysts and abscess usually occur at only one side of the opening of the vagina.

The Bartholin’s glands are a pea-sized pair of glands present right behind and each side of the area that surround the opening of the vagina. These glands are generally not noticeable because they are rarely more than 1cm. The Bartholin’s glands are known for the secretion of fluid which acts as a lubricant during intercourse. The fluid secreted by these glands travels down through the tiny tubes known as ducts into the vagina. The cyst can range from the size of a pea to the size of a golf ball.

It is believed by the experts that the cause behind the Bartholin’s cyst is the backup of fluid. The Bartholin’s cysts become infected after the formation of an abscess. If the ducts get blocked then they get filled with this fluid and develop in the form of a cyst. The reason behind why the ducts become blocked is often not known but in some cases, the reason is linked to STIs sexually transmitted bacterial infections which are gonorrhea, chlamydia, streptococcus pneumonia. Other bacterial infections like Escherichia coli which affects the water supply, is also one of the reasons in some cases.

Women are more likely to develop Bartholin’s cysts when they are:

– Sexually active and young

– Have become pregnant only once.

– Have not become pregnant yet.

– In their 20s and 30s.

* The Bartholin’s cysts do not affect children as these glands don’t start functioning until puberty and these cysts are also not common after the menopausal period as the Bartholin glands shrink after menopause.

TREATMENT

If women don’t have any symptoms which are noticeable, it is not likely to have a treatment but the women will be asked for a time to time report about any growth in the size of the cysts. If the cysts are painful, then the doctor may recommend some common and simple treatments to be done at home such as soaking the cysts in warm water for three to four days several times a day and taking painkillers prescribed by a doctor. If these home remedies do not work, then other more treatments are available to cure the pain and any infections. And if the doctor finds it necessary, then he can drain out the cyst. Most of the treatments include some minor surgeries. But sometimes the Bartholin’s cysts return after treatment. If a woman has already got into the menopausal period and find any lump near the vaginal area, then it should be reported to the doctor. In the minor surgery, the doctor will insert a surgical instrument called a catheter into the cyst. Other treatments involve:

MARSUPIALIZATION

In this process, the surgeon makes a cut in the cyst so that the fluid can drain out. After that, the surgeon stitches the edges of the skin while leaving some parts open only for the secretion.

CARBON DIOXIDE LASER

This process is used to create an opening which can help to drain out the cyst.

NEEDLE ASPIRATION

A needle is used in this procedure to drain the cyst. After this process of draining the cyst, the empty place is then filled with an alcohol liquid solution of 70 percent to reduce the chances of infection.

GLAND EXCISION

In some of the cases, the cysts kept re-occurring and not respond to any of the treatments, then the doctor might recommend for the removal of the Bartholin gland.

THE BALLOON CATHETER TECHNIQUE

This technique is also referred to as fistulization and catheter placement. In this, the surgeon drains out the fluid or mucus present inside a Bartholin’s cyst. The woman is first given local anesthesia. Some women may also opt for general anesthesia. After that, the surgeon makes a cut in the cyst or in an abscess to drain the fluid out. When the cyst is empty, then the surgeon will insert a surgical instrument catheter along with an inflatable balloon at one of the ends. The surgeon fills the balloon with a saline solution.

The surgeon will suture the incision partially by leaving enough opening for the catheter. After that, the surgeon will leave the catheter in the place to heal the wound. In the process known as ‘epithelialization,’ new cells will be grown near the catheter. After this process of epithelialization, the surgeon will drain out the balloon and the catheter will be removed.

MARSUPIALIZATION

The technique of marsupialization is commonly recommended to women suffering from the problem of recurring cysts and abscesses. The first and foremost the patient will be given general anesthesia. After that, the surgeon will make a cut in the cyst so that all the fluid can drain out. The surgeon will then make stitches on the edges of the skin near the abscess or cyst by creating a little pouch. Due to this pouch, additional fluid and further draining will be facilitated. Now the surgeon will close this area by a sterile dressing, which will soak up the fluid left inside and stop the bleeding. Both the techniques are performed on an outpatient basis and the patient is discharged immediately after the anesthesia wears off.

Consult your doctor to know more about the treatment option best suited for your condition. These kinds of surgeries should be performed under the supervision of an expert surgeon, doctor, and consultants. Apollo Cradle Jayanagar is a place where they have a well-trained team of competent and experienced doctors, surgeons, nurses and technicians with high success rates.


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            [blog_title] => Laparoscopic/hysteroscopic polypectomy
            [metaTitle] => Laparoscopic/hysteroscopic polypectomy
            [metaDescription] => 
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            [seo_url] => laparoscopic-hysteroscopic-polypectomy
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What is polypectomy?

Polypectomy is the elimination or removal of a polyp. A polyp is an abnormal growth that begins in the tissue and extends into the hollow space. A polyp is common and unknown to the patients because of their small size. On growing bigger, they need to get operated because they alter blood flow and put pressure on organs. A polypectomy can be performed on any area of the body that develops polyps.

Types of polypectomy

Most common types of polypectomy are uterine polypectomy and colon polypectomy.

Uterine polypectomy

Uterine polypectomy is done to eliminate polyps in the endometrial tissue. Endometrial tissue is that lines the uterus. Polyps in this area are attached to the inner wall of the uterus that stretches into the uterine cavity. These happen due to hormonal factor and one can commonly have many polyps in their uterine in the age of menopause.

Symptoms of Uterine polyp include:


	
Irregular menstrual bleeding
	
Bleeding between period cycles
	
Unreasonably heavy blood flows during menstrual periods
	
Vaginal bleeding after menopause
	
Infertility


To check whether a woman has a polyp or not, doctors may perform tests like- Transvaginal ultrasound, hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy. Medication and hysteroscopy are the two ways to treat the polyps.

If the size of a polyp is small then, it can be ignored, or medicated otherwise it needs surgery. This surgery is known as hysteroscopy.

Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopic polypectomy

Uterine polyps are removed by a surgery known as hysteroscopic polypectomy. It is also used while diagnosing and treating the problems of the uterus and remove fibroids and polyps. The surgery can take less than five minutes to more than an hour. The length of the hysteroscopy depends on its diagnose and whether any additional surgery is needed or not. During the process, different methods for anaesthesia and pain control are used, according to the individual’s case. Sometimes, hysteroscopy can be performed without anaesthesia, using smaller hysteroscopes which do not require the expansion of cervical opening. Other cases may require local or general anaesthesia, as the situation demands. To facilitate insertion of the hysteroscope within the uterine cavity, a vaginal speculum is often inserted. If a hysteroscope is such a type that requires expansion of the cervical opening, it is done using surgical instruments. For the better view of the uterine cavity, doctors inject fluid or gas after the insertion of the hysteroscope.

 To control the pain and cramping, anti-inflammatory medications and acetaminophen are generally recommended by the doctors.

Women who are pregnant or have uterine/cervical cancer should not get hysteroscopy surgery because the abnormal position of the uterus and other obstacles makes it very difficult to perform the procedure.

Risks and side effects


	
Light vaginal bleeding and some cramping are the usual side effects after the hysteroscopy surgery.
	
Some patients can complain about reactions which can be due to anaesthetic factors.
	
There are few chances that infection may happen due to medical and surgical complications.
	
While performing the surgery, injury to the cervix, uterus, bowel or bladder can take place.


Benefits

If the procedure is not very serious then hospital stays are shorter.


	
Usually, people get to recover in a short period of time.
	
As there are no many side effects, less pain-relieving medicines are needed after surgery.
	
Hysteroscopic surgery makes open abdominal surgery avoidable.


Colon polypectomy

Colon polyps are small growths on the inner lining of the colon or large intestine and are very common. The exact cause of the colon has not established yet but it may happen when they grow and split more than they should. Mostly, colons are harmless. But some can turn into colon cancer after a period of time and become deadly in later stages. Colon polyps are common, and anyone can get them, but certain conditions make it more likely to grow, which includes:


	
People who are overweight or obese
	
50 or older age people
	
Regular smoking
	
If anyone had colon polyps or colon cancer before
	
Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes


Further, there are two types of colon polyps- Hyperplastic, which is unlikely to become cancer and Adenoma, which is likely to become cancerous after a certain stage, though not all adenomas will become harmful.

Symptoms of colon polyp:


	
Symptoms of colon polyp are rather confusing because they are not clear and can be associated with other diseases.
	
   Rectal bleeding.
	
Change in bowel movement and colour
	
Fatigue or shortness of breath.
	
Belly pain


Regular screening test of the colon is the best way to identify a colon polyp because its symptoms are not obvious in the early stages. Few screening tests are-

The colonoscopy uses a CT scan to view the colon.

 The virtual colonoscopy requires the same bowel preparation as a colonoscopy.

Flexible sigmoidoscopy in which a tube is inserted in your rectum to examine it.

Stool-based tests

Laparoscopy

Many polyps such as endometrioma can be found out surgically by laparoscopy. Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure that doctors use to view and diagnose the reproductive organs of a woman. In this process, a narrow tube is passed through a small cut in the abdomen, for the purpose of viewing which is known as a laparoscope. With the help of a laparoscope, the doctor can view the outer of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and its nearby organs.

Laparoscopy-assisted Polypectomy

This procedure is needed when a surgeon needs to operate on the whole section that contains polyp. It is a safe procedure which is needed in certain cases. In this, surgeons operate through 4 or 5 small holes while watching an enlarged image of the patient’s internal organs on a monitor. Sometimes other small cuts are also made to put another surgical instrument inside the patient’s body.

Risks and side effects


	
Bleeding
	
Infection due to the surgical process.
	
A gap where the colon was connected back together.
	
Cuts and damage to nearby organs.


Benefits


	
Less abdominal pain
	
One can recover fast and their stays in the hospital may be shorten
	
It also results in a faster return to a solid-food diet and bowel function
	
Patients can return to their normal day to day activity quicker.


The procedure of polypectomy can be one needs the best doctor and care. Apollo Cradle Brookefield is capable and equipped enough to handle these complex cases. Our experienced doctors have years of expertise in operating patients who are facing this abnormal health condition, whereas our nurses and technicians are proficient in taking your proper aftercare.


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            [published_date] => 2019-07-20
            [createdBy] => 3
            [updatedBy] => 1
            [createdDate] => 2023-10-17 08:41:19
            [updatedDate] => 2024-05-04 08:47:54
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            [blog_title] => Laparoscopic/hysteroscopic polypectomy
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            [metaDescription] => 
            [metaKeywords] => 
            [seo_url] => laparoscopic-hysteroscopic-polypectomy
            [city_id] => 
            [city_name] => 
            [language_id] => 1
            [blog_image] => 
            [blog_text] => 

What is polypectomy?

Polypectomy is the elimination or removal of a polyp. A polyp is an abnormal growth that begins in the tissue and extends into the hollow space. A polyp is common and unknown to the patients because of their small size. On growing bigger, they need to get operated because they alter blood flow and put pressure on organs. A polypectomy can be performed on any area of the body that develops polyps.

Types of polypectomy

Most common types of polypectomy are uterine polypectomy and colon polypectomy.

Uterine polypectomy

Uterine polypectomy is done to eliminate polyps in the endometrial tissue. Endometrial tissue is that lines the uterus. Polyps in this area are attached to the inner wall of the uterus that stretches into the uterine cavity. These happen due to hormonal factor and one can commonly have many polyps in their uterine in the age of menopause.

Symptoms of Uterine polyp include:


	
Irregular menstrual bleeding
	
Bleeding between period cycles
	
Unreasonably heavy blood flows during menstrual periods
	
Vaginal bleeding after menopause
	
Infertility


To check whether a woman has a polyp or not, doctors may perform tests like- Transvaginal ultrasound, hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy. Medication and hysteroscopy are the two ways to treat the polyps.

If the size of a polyp is small then, it can be ignored, or medicated otherwise it needs surgery. This surgery is known as hysteroscopy.

Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopic polypectomy

Uterine polyps are removed by a surgery known as hysteroscopic polypectomy. It is also used while diagnosing and treating the problems of the uterus and remove fibroids and polyps. The surgery can take less than five minutes to more than an hour. The length of the hysteroscopy depends on its diagnose and whether any additional surgery is needed or not. During the process, different methods for anaesthesia and pain control are used, according to the individual’s case. Sometimes, hysteroscopy can be performed without anaesthesia, using smaller hysteroscopes which do not require the expansion of cervical opening. Other cases may require local or general anaesthesia, as the situation demands. To facilitate insertion of the hysteroscope within the uterine cavity, a vaginal speculum is often inserted. If a hysteroscope is such a type that requires expansion of the cervical opening, it is done using surgical instruments. For the better view of the uterine cavity, doctors inject fluid or gas after the insertion of the hysteroscope.

 To control the pain and cramping, anti-inflammatory medications and acetaminophen are generally recommended by the doctors.

Women who are pregnant or have uterine/cervical cancer should not get hysteroscopy surgery because the abnormal position of the uterus and other obstacles makes it very difficult to perform the procedure.

Risks and side effects


	
Light vaginal bleeding and some cramping are the usual side effects after the hysteroscopy surgery.
	
Some patients can complain about reactions which can be due to anaesthetic factors.
	
There are few chances that infection may happen due to medical and surgical complications.
	
While performing the surgery, injury to the cervix, uterus, bowel or bladder can take place.


Benefits

If the procedure is not very serious then hospital stays are shorter.


	
Usually, people get to recover in a short period of time.
	
As there are no many side effects, less pain-relieving medicines are needed after surgery.
	
Hysteroscopic surgery makes open abdominal surgery avoidable.


Colon polypectomy

Colon polyps are small growths on the inner lining of the colon or large intestine and are very common. The exact cause of the colon has not established yet but it may happen when they grow and split more than they should. Mostly, colons are harmless. But some can turn into colon cancer after a period of time and become deadly in later stages. Colon polyps are common, and anyone can get them, but certain conditions make it more likely to grow, which includes:


	
People who are overweight or obese
	
50 or older age people
	
Regular smoking
	
If anyone had colon polyps or colon cancer before
	
Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes


Further, there are two types of colon polyps- Hyperplastic, which is unlikely to become cancer and Adenoma, which is likely to become cancerous after a certain stage, though not all adenomas will become harmful.

Symptoms of colon polyp:


	
Symptoms of colon polyp are rather confusing because they are not clear and can be associated with other diseases.
	
   Rectal bleeding.
	
Change in bowel movement and colour
	
Fatigue or shortness of breath.
	
Belly pain


Regular screening test of the colon is the best way to identify a colon polyp because its symptoms are not obvious in the early stages. Few screening tests are-

The colonoscopy uses a CT scan to view the colon.

 The virtual colonoscopy requires the same bowel preparation as a colonoscopy.

Flexible sigmoidoscopy in which a tube is inserted in your rectum to examine it.

Stool-based tests

Laparoscopy

Many polyps such as endometrioma can be found out surgically by laparoscopy. Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure that doctors use to view and diagnose the reproductive organs of a woman. In this process, a narrow tube is passed through a small cut in the abdomen, for the purpose of viewing which is known as a laparoscope. With the help of a laparoscope, the doctor can view the outer of the uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, and its nearby organs.

Laparoscopy-assisted Polypectomy

This procedure is needed when a surgeon needs to operate on the whole section that contains polyp. It is a safe procedure which is needed in certain cases. In this, surgeons operate through 4 or 5 small holes while watching an enlarged image of the patient’s internal organs on a monitor. Sometimes other small cuts are also made to put another surgical instrument inside the patient’s body.

Risks and side effects


	
Bleeding
	
Infection due to the surgical process.
	
A gap where the colon was connected back together.
	
Cuts and damage to nearby organs.


Benefits


	
Less abdominal pain
	
One can recover fast and their stays in the hospital may be shorten
	
It also results in a faster return to a solid-food diet and bowel function
	
Patients can return to their normal day to day activity quicker.


The procedure of polypectomy can be one needs the best doctor and care. Apollo Cradle Brookefield is capable and equipped enough to handle these complex cases. Our experienced doctors have years of expertise in operating patients who are facing this abnormal health condition, whereas our nurses and technicians are proficient in taking your proper aftercare.


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            [blog_title] => Laparoscopic/ Open Myomectomy
            [metaTitle] => Laparoscopic/ Open Myomectomy
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            [seo_url] => laparoscopic-open-myomectomy
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Myomectomy is a surgical procedure which is performed for the removal of fibroid tumors. The first question that comes to our mind after reading this sentence is, what are fibroids?

What are fibroids?

Before getting into the details of the myomectomy procedures, let’s first get to know a little about fibroid, including the definition of fibroids and how they affect our body.

Fibroids also referred to as Myomas are tumors, which are non-cancerous and benign. The aggressiveness (the size and the effect on the body) of the fibroids is classified into three main categories. The four types of fibroids that can persist in a female’s reproductive system are:


	
Intramural Myoma:


This type of fibroid is the least aggressive one and exists within the muscular wall of the uterus. This fibroid is extremely hard to detect with the naked eyes and requires special tools for the diagnosis.


	
Subserosal Myoma:


The second category of fibroids, called as the subserosal myoma is a little more aggressive than the subserosal myoma and is not just restricted to the uterus muscular wall. These fibroids spread further and move out of the uterus. Subserosal myoma is often found to be linked to the uterus.


	
Submucosal Myoma:


It is the fibroid tumor that spreads further and begins to grow beneath the surface of the uterus lining, i.e., inner region of the uterine cavity.


	
Pedunculated uterine fibroid


The fourth and the last kind of uterine fibroid is pedunculated uterine fibroid which grows on a small stock attached to the inner or outer wall of your uterus.

There are mainly two methods used for the removal of uterine fibroids. These are:


	
Open Myomectomy
	
Laparoscopic Myomectomy


The recovery from any of the myomectomy entirely depends on your immunity, body type and the aggressiveness of the tumor. When the fibroids are small in size, the procedure hardly takes any time and the recovery period is typically less, but if it is taking you longer than others, it is perfectly fine because not everyone’s body isn’t built the same way. Some people have higher immunity than the others and recover faster.

All you have to do, while you recover is let your body be your guide and take your doctor’s advice, very seriously. There are certain measures and precautions suggested after one goes through the procedure of myomectomy. You should consult about these measures with your doctor.

By bringing a certain sort of improvement in your lifestyle can speed up the recovery process. These lifestyle changes involve having a decent routine, getting enough rest, eating a balanced diet, practicing yoga and meditation to get rid of the anxiety and stress, increase the intake of liquid substances, etc. You can ask your doctor, all about these details and he will suggest to you how to go about it and recover from the myomectomy smoothly.

Let’s get to know about these procedures in detail.

Why do fibroids occur?

The doctors haven’t reached any success yet in identifying the exact cause of myomas/fibroids, but the potential causes that lead to the development of fibroids are:


	
Hormonal imbalance


Hormonal imbalance is one of the most common factors that lead to other uterine conditions. PCOS is also a consequence of hormonal imbalance.  The abnormal production of the female reproductive hormones (estrogen) can lead to the development of fibroid tumors.


	
Abnormal changes in the genes


Due to numerous reasons, genes in the uterine region might start to differ from the typical genes and can give rise to fibroid tumor.

Symptoms of fibroids

It is important to seek medical attention when experiencing any of the following discomforts, as it might be an indication towards fibroid tumors.


	
Abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding
	
Irregularity in menstrual cycle
	
Pain in the lower back
	
Pain during sex
	
Need to urinate again and again
	
Expansion of the lower abdomen
	
Complication during pregnancy


All of these symptoms can indicate towards one or more uterine problems and must be discussed with the doctor in order to seek diagnosis and treatment.

Open Myomectomy

Open Myomectomy or Abdominal Myomectomy is one way of removing the uterine fibroids via an incision made in the abdomen.

Detailed procedure


	
The first step, while performing an abdominal myomectomy is to make an incision across the abdomen. The incision is meant to be horizontal and not vertical.
	
As soon as the incision is made, there is a need to pull apart the skin so as the doctor can go inside. To accomplish this, a retractor is used. After the skin is separated, you surgeon will get a clear view of your abdominal muscles.
	
In the third step, the agenda is to reach the uterus and in order to accomplish that, another vertical incision is made on the abdominal muscles. Through this incision, the surgeon can now have full access to your uterus.
	
As the uterus is visible now, so are the fibroids, the surgeon can now easily operate out the fibroids. To remove the fibroids, your surgeon will take the help of forceps.
	
In the final step of removal of fibroids, the tissue connecting the uterus and fibroid is removed with utmost care and the fibroid is removed.
	
The last and the final step is the closure of incisions. This is done with the help of stitches. In the end a sterile bandage is applied to the abdomen.


The procedure of open myomectomy involves certain risks and disadvantages as well, like:


	
Hysterectomy: A situation might arise where the whole uterus might be operated out.
	
Blood loss: Unnecessary amount of blood loss.
	
The bladder and the bowel might get affected


Therefore, Laparsoscopic myomectomy is often preferred over open myomectomy as it overcomes the drawbacks of the open myomectomy and is minimally invasive.

Laparoscopic Myomectomy

The analysis suggests, that in most women, the development of fibroids takes place in their early 20’s. It is not wise to go ahead with hysterectomy in which the, entire uterus is operated out which leaves no options to have children in future. However, there are certain cases in which the size of tumor is the size the uterus and can only be removed through open Myomectomy. Otherwise, if possible, it is better to go ahead with other minimally invasive procedures like Laparoscopic Myomectomy. This procedure only removes the fibroid, leaving in the healthy tissue.

Laproscope allows to perform the procedure of Myomectomy without any such morbid complications like loss of blood, hysterectomy.

Although Laparoscopic myomectomy is preferred over the abdominal myomectomy, but there are certain cases in which the tumor is so aggressive that it can only be treated by Open myomectomy. If the fibroid tumor has progressed to the stage where it has grown equal to the size of your uterus, there might be the need of hysterectomy as well. No matter what treatment plan your doctor decides, as long as the hospital has the right equipment and skilled and experienced doctors, you will be fine and the surgery will proceed with less possibility of complications.

Apollo Cradle Brookefield is one such hospital, to totally rely upon in order to get results with minimum possible complications. The hospital specializes in cases like fibroid tumors and has a decent success rate.

The hospital prioritizes their patient first and makes sure the patient seeks a quality medical assistance with the least amount of discomfort.

How is it done?

The first step, while performing a laparoscopic myomectomy is to make multiple keyhole incisions in the abdomen. After this, when the doctor reaches the uterus, Vasopressin (It causes constriction of the vessels) is injected into the fibroid. Ones the Vasopressin has been injected, the surgery becomes absolutely avascular. The next step is to cut the capsule of the fibroid, and operate out the fibroid. The advantages of this surgery are:


	
It is a bloodless surgery.
	
The uterus is saved.


The procedure only helps in removing the big fibroids. The fibroids that are less than 1 – 2 centimeters are not removed and can grow bigger later.

After your procedure

After your procedure, your breathing tube will be removed and you will be taken to the recovery area for monitoring.

You may be released from the hospital the same day or within one day after the procedure.

It can’t really be decided, which procedure is better because it entirely depends on the type of fibroid you have and how experiences and skilled to perform the surgery. Instead of searching a thousand options, Apollo Cradle Brookefield has narrowed down your options to one. The hospital specializes in the maternity and pediatric procedures. If you are looking forward to myomectomy, you must visit the hospital.

Apollo Cradle Brookefield is one of the best maternity hospitals in Brookefield, Bangalore. They are equipped with the most advanced instruments and technologies that allows them to perform the most complicated procedures with a lot of ease and the least possibility of complications and risks.

The facilities offered at Apollo Cradle Brookfield, are:


	
Emergency care
	
Your Stay
	
Tertiary care, etc. 



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            [published_date] => 2019-07-20
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            [updatedBy] => 1
            [createdDate] => 2023-10-17 09:57:15
            [updatedDate] => 2024-05-04 08:47:30
            [ip_address] => 14.143.187.126
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            [blog_title] => Laparoscopic/ Open Myomectomy
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            [seo_url] => laparoscopic-open-myomectomy
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Myomectomy is a surgical procedure which is performed for the removal of fibroid tumors. The first question that comes to our mind after reading this sentence is, what are fibroids?

What are fibroids?

Before getting into the details of the myomectomy procedures, let’s first get to know a little about fibroid, including the definition of fibroids and how they affect our body.

Fibroids also referred to as Myomas are tumors, which are non-cancerous and benign. The aggressiveness (the size and the effect on the body) of the fibroids is classified into three main categories. The four types of fibroids that can persist in a female’s reproductive system are:


	
Intramural Myoma:


This type of fibroid is the least aggressive one and exists within the muscular wall of the uterus. This fibroid is extremely hard to detect with the naked eyes and requires special tools for the diagnosis.


	
Subserosal Myoma:


The second category of fibroids, called as the subserosal myoma is a little more aggressive than the subserosal myoma and is not just restricted to the uterus muscular wall. These fibroids spread further and move out of the uterus. Subserosal myoma is often found to be linked to the uterus.


	
Submucosal Myoma:


It is the fibroid tumor that spreads further and begins to grow beneath the surface of the uterus lining, i.e., inner region of the uterine cavity.


	
Pedunculated uterine fibroid


The fourth and the last kind of uterine fibroid is pedunculated uterine fibroid which grows on a small stock attached to the inner or outer wall of your uterus.

There are mainly two methods used for the removal of uterine fibroids. These are:


	
Open Myomectomy
	
Laparoscopic Myomectomy


The recovery from any of the myomectomy entirely depends on your immunity, body type and the aggressiveness of the tumor. When the fibroids are small in size, the procedure hardly takes any time and the recovery period is typically less, but if it is taking you longer than others, it is perfectly fine because not everyone’s body isn’t built the same way. Some people have higher immunity than the others and recover faster.

All you have to do, while you recover is let your body be your guide and take your doctor’s advice, very seriously. There are certain measures and precautions suggested after one goes through the procedure of myomectomy. You should consult about these measures with your doctor.

By bringing a certain sort of improvement in your lifestyle can speed up the recovery process. These lifestyle changes involve having a decent routine, getting enough rest, eating a balanced diet, practicing yoga and meditation to get rid of the anxiety and stress, increase the intake of liquid substances, etc. You can ask your doctor, all about these details and he will suggest to you how to go about it and recover from the myomectomy smoothly.

Let’s get to know about these procedures in detail.

Why do fibroids occur?

The doctors haven’t reached any success yet in identifying the exact cause of myomas/fibroids, but the potential causes that lead to the development of fibroids are:


	
Hormonal imbalance


Hormonal imbalance is one of the most common factors that lead to other uterine conditions. PCOS is also a consequence of hormonal imbalance.  The abnormal production of the female reproductive hormones (estrogen) can lead to the development of fibroid tumors.


	
Abnormal changes in the genes


Due to numerous reasons, genes in the uterine region might start to differ from the typical genes and can give rise to fibroid tumor.

Symptoms of fibroids

It is important to seek medical attention when experiencing any of the following discomforts, as it might be an indication towards fibroid tumors.


	
Abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding
	
Irregularity in menstrual cycle
	
Pain in the lower back
	
Pain during sex
	
Need to urinate again and again
	
Expansion of the lower abdomen
	
Complication during pregnancy


All of these symptoms can indicate towards one or more uterine problems and must be discussed with the doctor in order to seek diagnosis and treatment.

Open Myomectomy

Open Myomectomy or Abdominal Myomectomy is one way of removing the uterine fibroids via an incision made in the abdomen.

Detailed procedure


	
The first step, while performing an abdominal myomectomy is to make an incision across the abdomen. The incision is meant to be horizontal and not vertical.
	
As soon as the incision is made, there is a need to pull apart the skin so as the doctor can go inside. To accomplish this, a retractor is used. After the skin is separated, you surgeon will get a clear view of your abdominal muscles.
	
In the third step, the agenda is to reach the uterus and in order to accomplish that, another vertical incision is made on the abdominal muscles. Through this incision, the surgeon can now have full access to your uterus.
	
As the uterus is visible now, so are the fibroids, the surgeon can now easily operate out the fibroids. To remove the fibroids, your surgeon will take the help of forceps.
	
In the final step of removal of fibroids, the tissue connecting the uterus and fibroid is removed with utmost care and the fibroid is removed.
	
The last and the final step is the closure of incisions. This is done with the help of stitches. In the end a sterile bandage is applied to the abdomen.


The procedure of open myomectomy involves certain risks and disadvantages as well, like:


	
Hysterectomy: A situation might arise where the whole uterus might be operated out.
	
Blood loss: Unnecessary amount of blood loss.
	
The bladder and the bowel might get affected


Therefore, Laparsoscopic myomectomy is often preferred over open myomectomy as it overcomes the drawbacks of the open myomectomy and is minimally invasive.

Laparoscopic Myomectomy

The analysis suggests, that in most women, the development of fibroids takes place in their early 20’s. It is not wise to go ahead with hysterectomy in which the, entire uterus is operated out which leaves no options to have children in future. However, there are certain cases in which the size of tumor is the size the uterus and can only be removed through open Myomectomy. Otherwise, if possible, it is better to go ahead with other minimally invasive procedures like Laparoscopic Myomectomy. This procedure only removes the fibroid, leaving in the healthy tissue.

Laproscope allows to perform the procedure of Myomectomy without any such morbid complications like loss of blood, hysterectomy.

Although Laparoscopic myomectomy is preferred over the abdominal myomectomy, but there are certain cases in which the tumor is so aggressive that it can only be treated by Open myomectomy. If the fibroid tumor has progressed to the stage where it has grown equal to the size of your uterus, there might be the need of hysterectomy as well. No matter what treatment plan your doctor decides, as long as the hospital has the right equipment and skilled and experienced doctors, you will be fine and the surgery will proceed with less possibility of complications.

Apollo Cradle Brookefield is one such hospital, to totally rely upon in order to get results with minimum possible complications. The hospital specializes in cases like fibroid tumors and has a decent success rate.

The hospital prioritizes their patient first and makes sure the patient seeks a quality medical assistance with the least amount of discomfort.

How is it done?

The first step, while performing a laparoscopic myomectomy is to make multiple keyhole incisions in the abdomen. After this, when the doctor reaches the uterus, Vasopressin (It causes constriction of the vessels) is injected into the fibroid. Ones the Vasopressin has been injected, the surgery becomes absolutely avascular. The next step is to cut the capsule of the fibroid, and operate out the fibroid. The advantages of this surgery are:


	
It is a bloodless surgery.
	
The uterus is saved.


The procedure only helps in removing the big fibroids. The fibroids that are less than 1 – 2 centimeters are not removed and can grow bigger later.

After your procedure

After your procedure, your breathing tube will be removed and you will be taken to the recovery area for monitoring.

You may be released from the hospital the same day or within one day after the procedure.

It can’t really be decided, which procedure is better because it entirely depends on the type of fibroid you have and how experiences and skilled to perform the surgery. Instead of searching a thousand options, Apollo Cradle Brookefield has narrowed down your options to one. The hospital specializes in the maternity and pediatric procedures. If you are looking forward to myomectomy, you must visit the hospital.

Apollo Cradle Brookefield is one of the best maternity hospitals in Brookefield, Bangalore. They are equipped with the most advanced instruments and technologies that allows them to perform the most complicated procedures with a lot of ease and the least possibility of complications and risks.

The facilities offered at Apollo Cradle Brookfield, are:


	
Emergency care
	
Your Stay
	
Tertiary care, etc. 



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            [createdDate] => 2023-10-17 09:57:15
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            [blog_title] => Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy
            [metaTitle] => Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy
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Total Hysterectomy refers to a major surgical procedure that involves the complete removal of the uterus and cervix, laparoscopic refers to the method of surgery. In the Laparoscopic method, several small incisions are used as opposed to abdominal surgery, which involves one large incision. This ensures less scarring and is a less invasive procedure. Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy refers to the surgical procedure in which both ovaries and fallopian tubes are removed from the body. Overall, Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo Oophorectomy is simply the surgical removal of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes and, ovaries.

If a patient is considering Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo Oophorectomy, it is important to consider all the factors that come with this major surgical procedure. There are several variations of Hysterectomy, the base form being the removal of only the uterus. Discussing with your doctor about which procedure is best suited to your situation is vital.

There are several conditions or reasons that might prompt a Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy, detailed below are some of them:


	
   Uterine Fibroids: Symptomatic uterine fibroids, which cause excessive bleeding, pain, and discomfort
	
   Uterine prolapse: This occurs when the uterus moves into the vaginal canal due to the weakening of the tissues and ligaments that support it.
	
   Cancer: Cancer could be of the uterus, cervix or ovaries. At advanced stages of cancer, a total hysterectomy may be the only option.
	
   Abnormal vaginal bleeding which has not been alleviated through other procedures such as Myomectomy or Dilation and curettage.
	
   Chronic pelvic pain
	
   Pelvic inflammatory disease: This is a bacterial infection that can damage the womb and fallopian tubes if left untreated. This can cause long term effects; Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salphingo Oophorectomy is a solution for this.
	
   Endometriosis: This is a disorder that causes the endometrium tissue, which normally only lines the inside of the uterus to grow outside of it. Commonly in the ovaries, fallopian tubes or pelvic tissues. This is a painful disorder, and a hysterectomy can alleviate this pain. Although it should be taken into note that after hysterectomy a woman cannot have children.
	
   Adenomyosis: This is a condition where the tissue growing inside the womb begins to grow within the muscular wall of the womb as well. This can cause considerable pain; a Hysterectomy can cure this.
	
   Ovarian Mass: A tumour, cyst or an abscess that may apply pressure to nearby organs and cause discomfort or pain.
	
   Ectopic pregnancy: This condition occurs when the fertilized embryo is implanted outside the uterus, it may implant into the fallopian tube and the full procedure may be the ideal solution.


Prior to the surgery, patients may have to fast for a certain period of time. Doctors may provide specific guidelines for the patient to follow before the surgery. In order to avoid complications, it is ideal that patients strictly follow these guidelines. Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salphingo Oophorectomy is a major surgical procedure which involves several steps and procedures, which are detailed below:


	
   Before the start of the surgery, the medical professional will administer general or local anaesthetic to the patient, this ensures no pain or discomfort during the surgery. A mask may be strapped to your mouth and nose in order to ensure easy breathing during the surgery
	
   As this procedure is laparoscopic-assisted, the first step involves the doctor making several small incisions in specific areas of the abdomen. this gives the surgeon easy access to the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes. An incision is also made at the vaginal cuff, in order to access the cervix.
	
   The invention of a device known as a uterine manipulator has made the surgical procedure easier. The flexible nature of the device allows the surgeon to change the angle of the uterus as needed.
	
   A laparoscope is inserted into one of the incisions, a fibre optic cable with a camera attached to the end. This gives the doctor a full view and navigation of the uterus.
	
   Long and thin surgical instruments are placed through the other incisions. The ligaments which hold the uterus in place are cut first, then the uterus is cut up into smaller pieces, this is how the uterus is safely extracted.
	
   Next, the ligaments holding the fallopian tubes and ovaries are cut and they are removed in a similar manner


After the procedure, the patient may wake up in a recovery room recovering from the effects of anaesthesia. As the procedure is Laparoscopic-assisted procedure, the recovery time is considerably faster when compared to other forms of hysterectomy, such as Open abdominal hysterectomy. Laparoscopic hysterectomy is also associated with decreased blood loss and generally lesser complications than abdominal hysterectomy. After the surgery patients may experience pain in the back or shoulder. This is likely due to gas accumulated inside the body which is used during the surgical procedure. Patients should avoid any strenuous or heavy activity for the given time advised by the doctor. It is also advisable to avoid sexual intercourse after the surgery for about 4 to 6 weeks after its completion, in order to give time for the pelvic region to heal sufficiently. Bathing or swimming for some duration after the procedure is also not advised, this is due to the open wounds created during the surgery.

Although total Laparoscopic hysterectomy does have lesser-known complications than other forms of hysterectomy, as with any surgery it is not free of risks.It is a complex procedure, which is why there area number possible complications that could occur. The experience of your doctor and the correct equipment are important for a problem free procedure. Apollo Brookefield ensures the most experienced doctors and state of the line equipment used for every surgical procedure. Detailed below are possible risks of Total Laparoscopic hysterectomy:


	
   Anaesthesia: Issues with anaesthesia such as rapid breathing
	
   Internal organ damage: this may occur to the ureter, bladder or bowel. Majority of the time, this can be repaired during the hysterectomy procedure itself
	
   Bleeding and infection: Can be treated with antibiotics and is not usually serious
	
   Abdominal incision: If the doctor is unable to remove the uterus through laparoscopic technique, a decision might be made to make an abdominal incision
	
   Hernia: Developing a hernia at the upper area of the vagina
	
   Back and shoulder pain: Back pain due to gas accumulation
	
   Bulge: Bulging in the rectum or vagina, rectocele or cystocele, can be fixed through surgery.
	
   Sexual intercourse: Pain during sexual intercourse
	
   Vaginal cuff dehiscence: this is the reopening of the incision created at the original time of hysterectomy, although very rare is a serious and dangerous condition.
	
   Tumour: In the event of an uncontrolled rupture of a tumour, cancerous cells may spread to other parts of the body.
	
   Menopause: This is a known side effect of hysterectomy, however, there can be several side effects to menopause which a candidate should be prepared for such as; decreased sex drive, heart disease, depression and anxiety etc.


A few days prior to the surgery, doctors may order a blood test and may want to frequently monitor the patient through tests in order to ensure the best possible conditions during the procedure. Be sure to inform the medical professional honestly about your medical history and any drugs or medication that you might be taking, this can prevent unnecessary or unwanted complications during the surgery and can help the doctor ensure the procedure is best suited to your needs. In order to ensure the best recovery, patients can take certain measures, such as avoiding smoking. Generally, healthier lifestyle and consumption choices will positively affect a patient’s recovery.

Overall, Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy is an option for women who have tried other forms of treatment for cases such as abnormal vaginal bleeding or fibroids, and are continuing to experience discomfort and pain. In these cases, the complete removal of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes and ovaries is likely to relieve the patient of symptoms. Women who had not already started menopause will after the surgical procedure, as the body cannot produce as much oestrogen after the removal of the ovaries. Otherwise, as a patient who has been diagnosed with cancer in the uterus, ovaries or cervix may opt for total laparoscopic hysterectomy. It may also be considered for patients who wish to eliminate the chances of such a possibility, total laparoscopic hysterectomy is the only solution to completely cure such a condition. After the condition, as much of the female reproductive system is not present after successful surgery women who wish to retain their fertility should not consider a total laparoscopic hysterectomy.  The procedure is one of the most commonly performed major surgical procedures.

Apollo Cradle Specialist


	

		

			
Gynaecologist Doctor in Hyderabad
			
Pediatrician Doctor in Hyderabad
		
		

			
Gynaecologist Doctor in Bangalore
			
Pediatrician Doctor in Bangalore
		
		

			
Gynaecologist Doctor in New Delhi
			
Pediatrician Doctor in New Delhi
		
		

			
Gynaecologist Doctor in Amritsar
			
Pediatrician Doctor in Amritsar
		
	



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            [published_date] => 2019-07-20
            [createdBy] => 3
            [updatedBy] => 1
            [createdDate] => 2023-10-17 10:14:47
            [updatedDate] => 2024-05-04 08:30:36
            [ip_address] => 14.143.187.126
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            [blog_title] => Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy
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Total Hysterectomy refers to a major surgical procedure that involves the complete removal of the uterus and cervix, laparoscopic refers to the method of surgery. In the Laparoscopic method, several small incisions are used as opposed to abdominal surgery, which involves one large incision. This ensures less scarring and is a less invasive procedure. Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy refers to the surgical procedure in which both ovaries and fallopian tubes are removed from the body. Overall, Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo Oophorectomy is simply the surgical removal of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes and, ovaries.

If a patient is considering Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo Oophorectomy, it is important to consider all the factors that come with this major surgical procedure. There are several variations of Hysterectomy, the base form being the removal of only the uterus. Discussing with your doctor about which procedure is best suited to your situation is vital.

There are several conditions or reasons that might prompt a Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy, detailed below are some of them:


	
   Uterine Fibroids: Symptomatic uterine fibroids, which cause excessive bleeding, pain, and discomfort
	
   Uterine prolapse: This occurs when the uterus moves into the vaginal canal due to the weakening of the tissues and ligaments that support it.
	
   Cancer: Cancer could be of the uterus, cervix or ovaries. At advanced stages of cancer, a total hysterectomy may be the only option.
	
   Abnormal vaginal bleeding which has not been alleviated through other procedures such as Myomectomy or Dilation and curettage.
	
   Chronic pelvic pain
	
   Pelvic inflammatory disease: This is a bacterial infection that can damage the womb and fallopian tubes if left untreated. This can cause long term effects; Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salphingo Oophorectomy is a solution for this.
	
   Endometriosis: This is a disorder that causes the endometrium tissue, which normally only lines the inside of the uterus to grow outside of it. Commonly in the ovaries, fallopian tubes or pelvic tissues. This is a painful disorder, and a hysterectomy can alleviate this pain. Although it should be taken into note that after hysterectomy a woman cannot have children.
	
   Adenomyosis: This is a condition where the tissue growing inside the womb begins to grow within the muscular wall of the womb as well. This can cause considerable pain; a Hysterectomy can cure this.
	
   Ovarian Mass: A tumour, cyst or an abscess that may apply pressure to nearby organs and cause discomfort or pain.
	
   Ectopic pregnancy: This condition occurs when the fertilized embryo is implanted outside the uterus, it may implant into the fallopian tube and the full procedure may be the ideal solution.


Prior to the surgery, patients may have to fast for a certain period of time. Doctors may provide specific guidelines for the patient to follow before the surgery. In order to avoid complications, it is ideal that patients strictly follow these guidelines. Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salphingo Oophorectomy is a major surgical procedure which involves several steps and procedures, which are detailed below:


	
   Before the start of the surgery, the medical professional will administer general or local anaesthetic to the patient, this ensures no pain or discomfort during the surgery. A mask may be strapped to your mouth and nose in order to ensure easy breathing during the surgery
	
   As this procedure is laparoscopic-assisted, the first step involves the doctor making several small incisions in specific areas of the abdomen. this gives the surgeon easy access to the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes. An incision is also made at the vaginal cuff, in order to access the cervix.
	
   The invention of a device known as a uterine manipulator has made the surgical procedure easier. The flexible nature of the device allows the surgeon to change the angle of the uterus as needed.
	
   A laparoscope is inserted into one of the incisions, a fibre optic cable with a camera attached to the end. This gives the doctor a full view and navigation of the uterus.
	
   Long and thin surgical instruments are placed through the other incisions. The ligaments which hold the uterus in place are cut first, then the uterus is cut up into smaller pieces, this is how the uterus is safely extracted.
	
   Next, the ligaments holding the fallopian tubes and ovaries are cut and they are removed in a similar manner


After the procedure, the patient may wake up in a recovery room recovering from the effects of anaesthesia. As the procedure is Laparoscopic-assisted procedure, the recovery time is considerably faster when compared to other forms of hysterectomy, such as Open abdominal hysterectomy. Laparoscopic hysterectomy is also associated with decreased blood loss and generally lesser complications than abdominal hysterectomy. After the surgery patients may experience pain in the back or shoulder. This is likely due to gas accumulated inside the body which is used during the surgical procedure. Patients should avoid any strenuous or heavy activity for the given time advised by the doctor. It is also advisable to avoid sexual intercourse after the surgery for about 4 to 6 weeks after its completion, in order to give time for the pelvic region to heal sufficiently. Bathing or swimming for some duration after the procedure is also not advised, this is due to the open wounds created during the surgery.

Although total Laparoscopic hysterectomy does have lesser-known complications than other forms of hysterectomy, as with any surgery it is not free of risks.It is a complex procedure, which is why there area number possible complications that could occur. The experience of your doctor and the correct equipment are important for a problem free procedure. Apollo Brookefield ensures the most experienced doctors and state of the line equipment used for every surgical procedure. Detailed below are possible risks of Total Laparoscopic hysterectomy:


	
   Anaesthesia: Issues with anaesthesia such as rapid breathing
	
   Internal organ damage: this may occur to the ureter, bladder or bowel. Majority of the time, this can be repaired during the hysterectomy procedure itself
	
   Bleeding and infection: Can be treated with antibiotics and is not usually serious
	
   Abdominal incision: If the doctor is unable to remove the uterus through laparoscopic technique, a decision might be made to make an abdominal incision
	
   Hernia: Developing a hernia at the upper area of the vagina
	
   Back and shoulder pain: Back pain due to gas accumulation
	
   Bulge: Bulging in the rectum or vagina, rectocele or cystocele, can be fixed through surgery.
	
   Sexual intercourse: Pain during sexual intercourse
	
   Vaginal cuff dehiscence: this is the reopening of the incision created at the original time of hysterectomy, although very rare is a serious and dangerous condition.
	
   Tumour: In the event of an uncontrolled rupture of a tumour, cancerous cells may spread to other parts of the body.
	
   Menopause: This is a known side effect of hysterectomy, however, there can be several side effects to menopause which a candidate should be prepared for such as; decreased sex drive, heart disease, depression and anxiety etc.


A few days prior to the surgery, doctors may order a blood test and may want to frequently monitor the patient through tests in order to ensure the best possible conditions during the procedure. Be sure to inform the medical professional honestly about your medical history and any drugs or medication that you might be taking, this can prevent unnecessary or unwanted complications during the surgery and can help the doctor ensure the procedure is best suited to your needs. In order to ensure the best recovery, patients can take certain measures, such as avoiding smoking. Generally, healthier lifestyle and consumption choices will positively affect a patient’s recovery.

Overall, Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy is an option for women who have tried other forms of treatment for cases such as abnormal vaginal bleeding or fibroids, and are continuing to experience discomfort and pain. In these cases, the complete removal of the uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes and ovaries is likely to relieve the patient of symptoms. Women who had not already started menopause will after the surgical procedure, as the body cannot produce as much oestrogen after the removal of the ovaries. Otherwise, as a patient who has been diagnosed with cancer in the uterus, ovaries or cervix may opt for total laparoscopic hysterectomy. It may also be considered for patients who wish to eliminate the chances of such a possibility, total laparoscopic hysterectomy is the only solution to completely cure such a condition. After the condition, as much of the female reproductive system is not present after successful surgery women who wish to retain their fertility should not consider a total laparoscopic hysterectomy.  The procedure is one of the most commonly performed major surgical procedures.

Apollo Cradle Specialist


	

		

			
Gynaecologist Doctor in Hyderabad
			
Pediatrician Doctor in Hyderabad
		
		

			
Gynaecologist Doctor in Bangalore
			
Pediatrician Doctor in Bangalore
		
		

			
Gynaecologist Doctor in New Delhi
			
Pediatrician Doctor in New Delhi
		
		

			
Gynaecologist Doctor in Amritsar
			
Pediatrician Doctor in Amritsar
		
	



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Hysterectomy refers to the surgical procedure for removal of the uterus. If the procedure involves the removal of the cervix, body, and fundus of the uterus, then it is called total or complete hysterectomy and if it is performed while leaving the cervix intact, then it is referred to as partial hysterectomy. The incision can be made either in the abdomen or the vagina. When the uterus is removed through an incision in the abdomen, it is termed as abdominal hysterectomy.

Why a hysterectomy is done?


	
Fibroids


Fibroids also called leiomyomas or myomas, are benign uterine tumors which cause heavy and prolonged menstrual cycles, anemia, pelvic pain, or bladder pressure. Hysterectomy can be considered as a permanent solution for fibroid. Nonsurgical options are also available to treat fibroid, but it depends on the patient and the size and nature of the fibroid. In most of the cases, fibroid does not cause severe symptoms and disappear naturally.


	
Gynecological Cancer


Hysterectomy can be used to treat cancer in the uterus, ovaries or cervix. The women in the early stages of cervical cancer can be cured with a major chance of full recovery by undergoing hysterectomy along with BSO (Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy), and evaluation of surrounding lymph nodes. Radiation and chemotherapy can be included in the procedure depending on the stage and type of cancer. Total Abdominal Hysterectomy(TAH), or Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy(TLH), or robot-assisted hysterectomy can be considered for the procedure.


	
Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding


Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, called menorrhagia can lead to anemia and fatigue. Heavy bleeding can also be a symptom of uterine cancer. If you experience such symptoms, make sure to undergo evaluation. Hysterectomy is a permanent treatment that can cure heavy menstrual bleeding. However, it can have complications and may require up to six weeks for a full recovery. You need to keep in mind that pregnancy is not possible after hysterectomy, and the menstrual cycle will stop. Other nonsurgical treatments are also available like Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Hormonal intrauterine device, Shot, Antifibrinolytic medicines, and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists.


	
Chronic pelvic pain


Chronic pelvic pain is a prolonged pain of around six months that occurs in the pelvic region that is, below the belly button. There can be numerous reasons for this symptom including musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, urologic, gynecologic, and body-wide disorders. Hysterectomy can be considered as a last option to treat pelvic pain when it is clear that the pain is arising from the uterus. Surgical methods comes with its own complications and risks, and hysterectomy can alleviate the pain, and might not be the permanent solution. It is important that you discuss and evaluate your concerns properly before opting for this procedure. Surgery in which some of the nerves are cut in the pelvis has been found to be an effective treatment but it is advised to seek careful evaluation before going for this method.


	
Cervical Abnormalities


The cells that line the cervix and vagina are called squamous cells. When these cells do not appear normal and are found to be precancerous, then they are termed as Atypical squamous cells (ASC). The level of risks involved and the grade of cancer can be determined by screening. Different treatment options are available for different age groups and conditions like pregnancy.  For example, in pregnant women, a biopsy of the cervix is only done if there is a high concern regarding a precancerous or cancerous lesion. Hysterectomy can be performed as the last step in treating cervical cancer when other procedures proved to be ineffective.


	
Uterine prolapse


This is a condition in which the uterus descends or falls into your vagina when supporting ligaments and tissues become weak. It is caused due to the stretching and weakening of the ligaments and pelvic muscles. It is more common in women who have been pregnant and/or had vaginal childbirth. It is also found in those with certain genetic factors, lifestyle factors (such as repeated heavy lifting over the lifetime), or chronic constipation. Urinary incontinence, pelvic pressure or difficulty with bowel movements can be caused by uterine prolapse. Hysterectomy is an effective and necessary procedure to treat such a condition.


	
Endometriosis


Endometriosis is the condition in which the tissues lining the inside of the uterus grows in the body in other places outside the womb like on your ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other pelvic or abdominal organs. It can sometimes lead to endometrial cancer. You can undergo hysterectomy along with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy(BSO) to treat endometriosis after other methods have proved to be ineffective.

Why abdominal hysterectomy?

There are some factors which are considered for choosing the route of hysterectomy, which includes:


	
Accessibility to the uterus
	
Shape and size of the vagina and the uterus
	
The extent of extrauterine diseases
	
Available technology and facilities in the hospital
	
The need for concurrent procedures.
	
The experience of the surgeon.
	
Average case volume.


An abdominal hysterectomy is preferred over other procedures in the following cases:


	
If your surgeon wants to check other pelvic organs for possible diseases or risks.
	
If your uterus is large.
	
If your surgeon feels it is the better option.


 Vaginal and laparoscopic hysterectomy is considered minimally invasive procedures since a smaller incision is required to be made as compared to abdominal hysterectomy which leads to a shorter hospital stay and faster recovery. You must clearly understand your needs and concerns and discuss in proper details to choose the method best suited for you. The doctors at Apollo Cradle understands and considers the concerns and doubts a patient faces before undergoing such procedures. You can schedule a session with your doctor where you can understand everything you need to take care of for the procedure.

Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

Salpingo-oophorectomy refers to the removal of the ovary and fallopian tube. A unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is a procedure where only one ovary and fallopian tube is removed whereas in Bilateral Salpingo-oophorectomy or BSO, both ovaries and fallopian tubes are removed. A salpingo-oophorectomy may be recommended to reduce the risk of ovarian or breast cancer. Women who have high chances of ovarian cancer due to family or medical history can choose to go for this procedure. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy causes infertility and may lead to surgical menopause, which causes long-term side effects because of the hormonal disruptions involved. If you are undergoing this procedure, you should consult your doctor to understand the related risks and side effects and how to manage them. Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive procedure available to some patients undergoing a salpingo-oophorectomy. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is generally one of three types:


	
prophylactic in women with increased risk of ovarian cancer, or
	
elective at time of hysterectomy for benign conditions, or
	
because of malignancy.


Why Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is done?

A salpingo-oophorectomy can be used as a treatment for the following conditions:


	
Endometriosis


Endometriosis is the condition in which the tissues lining the inside of the uterus grows in the body in other places outside the womb like on your ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other pelvic or abdominal organs. It can sometimes lead to endometrial cancer. This can cause severe pain and discomfort and sometimes requires the removal of the ovaries, uterus or fallopian tubes. You can undergo hysterectomy along with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy (BSO) to treat endometriosis after other methods have proved to be ineffective.


	
Ovarian torsion


The ovary is connected to the pelvic wall by a thin ligament or tissues. Ovarian torsion also called adnexal torsion is caused when these ligaments twist around the ovaries and forms knots which eventually cuts off the blood and nerve supply. It is a painful condition and calls for a medical emergency which can lead to loss of the ovary if not treated on time. You might experience ovarian torsion if you have ovarian cysts. You may be able to reduce your risk by using hormonal birth control or other medications to help reduce the size of the cysts, as it causes the ovaries to swell and increase in size. If your condition is severe and prolonged loss of blood flow has caused the surrounding tissue to die, your doctor may suggest to remove it through salpingo-oophorectomy.


	
Ectopic pregnancy


Ectopic pregnancy is an emergency condition in which the fertilized egg implants into a location other than the uterus. Nausea and breast soreness are common symptoms in ectopic pregnancy. If immediate treatment is performed, it reduces the complications like it increases your chances for future, healthy pregnancies, and reduces future health complications. If the condition is not severe, your doctor might suggest medications. If the embryo gets implanted into the fallopian tube, it should be removed.


	
Ovarian mass


It is required to remove the entire ovary or fallopian tube if benign (non-cancerous) tumors, cysts, or abscesses develops in these areas, especially if the mass is putting pressure on nearby structures or is causing pain or pressure. Sometimes the symptoms of ovarian cancer can mimic symptoms of an ovarian cyst. Therefore, it is important to consult the doctor and undergo proper diagnosis to find the nature of the cysts. Ovarian torsion discussed above can also be a complication caused by ovarian cysts. It can cause fever, dizziness, and severe pelvic pain.


	
Ovarian Cancer


The removal of healthy ovaries and fallopian tubes in women who have an elevated risk for ovarian cancer is termed as Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO). Bilateral risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy has been shown to be a highly effective tool to lower the risk for both ovarian cancer and breast cancer in women at increased risk for ovarian cancer. Women between the ages of 35 – 40 or after childbearing is completed, with BRCA1 mutations undergo bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes). The average age of ovarian cancer onset is 8-10 years later than in BRCA1 mutation carriers, therefore, delaying RRSO until age 40-45 is “reasonable” for BRCA2 mutation carriers who have undergone a risk-reducing mastectomy. The women undergoing this surgery might experience immediate surgical menopause which is followed by some long-term and short-term side effects. Therefore, it is advised to consult your doctor and discuss in details your concerns regarding your risks and the risk-management decisions that will be best suited for you.

Before the surgery


	
You will be given general anesthesia to sleep before the procedure.
	
Consult your doctor about which method is appropriate for you since the surgery can be performed using a large incision, a laparoscope, or a robotic arm.
	
The ovaries produce the major amount of estrogen and progesterone in your body, you can consult the doctor regarding hormone replacement therapy since your ovaries will be removed.
	
This procedure will lead to menopause which means your estrogen levels will reduce and cause symptoms like hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness.
	
Contact your insurance company to make sure that the following procedure is covered. The staff at Apollo Cradle will provide you assistance if you need.
	
If you have other health problems, you may need preoperative testing.


Some other tips to follow before the surgery are as follows:


	
Pack some essentials like slippers or socks, a robe, and a few toiletries.
	
You are usually required to stop eating 8 hours before the surgery.
	
You won’t be able to drive, so arrange for some help to take you home after the procedure.
	
You will take some time to resume your work, So make sure to consult the concerned people in your company regarding short-term disability benefits.


During the procedure:


	
Before the procedure you will be given some medicines and antibiotics to prevent infections or abnormal blood clots.
	
Some tests might be performed to check for cancer like Endometrial biopsy, Cervical cytology (Pap test), Pelvic ultrasound This decision depends on your doctor.
	
You may also undergo preoperative cleansing of your vagina (vaginal douche) or preoperative cleansing of your rectum (enema).
	
This procedure is performed under general anesthesia so you will be asleep during the procedure and it will last up to around 2 hours.
	
As a first step, a catheter is passed through your urethra to empty your bladder.
	
An incision is made vertically or horizontally, depending on the reason behind the procedure. A horizontal incision is made in your lower belly about an inch above your pubic bone and a vertical incision is made above or below your belly button and it starts in the middle of your abdomen and extends from just below your navel to just above your pubic bone.
	
Through the incision, the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the uterus are removed depending on the issue you are facing.


After the procedure


	
You will be required to stay in the recovery room while you will be under surveillance in case of any further pain.
	
You might be required to stay in the hospital for a few days.
	
After the surgery, the incision is either stitched or glued, and covered with bandages. Do not apply lotions or ointments without the permission of your doctor.
	
You must avoid strenuous exercise and sexual activity for around 6 weeks after the procedure.
	
You will experience vaginal bleeding and discharge after the surgery and will be required to wear sanitary pads. But in case the bleeding is prolonged or excessive, you should immediately check with your doctor.
	
Your doctor might prescribe you some medicines to relieve pain.


Risks Involved:


	
Infection


If you are experiencing very high and prolonged fever, it might be the case of infection. Usually, these infections are not severe and rarely surgical methods are required to treat them.


	
Damage to other organs


The organs near the pelvic region like urinary bladder, ureters (small tubes leading from the kidneys to the bladder), and large and small intestines can get injured during the procedure and is usually identified and corrected then itself.


	
Blood clots


There is a risk for a blood clot in the legs or lungs after pelvic surgery. Treatments including compression stockings, pneumatic compression devices, and medication are given before surgery to avoid a blood clot.


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Hysterectomy refers to the surgical procedure for removal of the uterus. If the procedure involves the removal of the cervix, body, and fundus of the uterus, then it is called total or complete hysterectomy and if it is performed while leaving the cervix intact, then it is referred to as partial hysterectomy. The incision can be made either in the abdomen or the vagina. When the uterus is removed through an incision in the abdomen, it is termed as abdominal hysterectomy.

Why a hysterectomy is done?


	
Fibroids


Fibroids also called leiomyomas or myomas, are benign uterine tumors which cause heavy and prolonged menstrual cycles, anemia, pelvic pain, or bladder pressure. Hysterectomy can be considered as a permanent solution for fibroid. Nonsurgical options are also available to treat fibroid, but it depends on the patient and the size and nature of the fibroid. In most of the cases, fibroid does not cause severe symptoms and disappear naturally.


	
Gynecological Cancer


Hysterectomy can be used to treat cancer in the uterus, ovaries or cervix. The women in the early stages of cervical cancer can be cured with a major chance of full recovery by undergoing hysterectomy along with BSO (Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy), and evaluation of surrounding lymph nodes. Radiation and chemotherapy can be included in the procedure depending on the stage and type of cancer. Total Abdominal Hysterectomy(TAH), or Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy(TLH), or robot-assisted hysterectomy can be considered for the procedure.


	
Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding


Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding, called menorrhagia can lead to anemia and fatigue. Heavy bleeding can also be a symptom of uterine cancer. If you experience such symptoms, make sure to undergo evaluation. Hysterectomy is a permanent treatment that can cure heavy menstrual bleeding. However, it can have complications and may require up to six weeks for a full recovery. You need to keep in mind that pregnancy is not possible after hysterectomy, and the menstrual cycle will stop. Other nonsurgical treatments are also available like Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), Hormonal intrauterine device, Shot, Antifibrinolytic medicines, and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists.


	
Chronic pelvic pain


Chronic pelvic pain is a prolonged pain of around six months that occurs in the pelvic region that is, below the belly button. There can be numerous reasons for this symptom including musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, urologic, gynecologic, and body-wide disorders. Hysterectomy can be considered as a last option to treat pelvic pain when it is clear that the pain is arising from the uterus. Surgical methods comes with its own complications and risks, and hysterectomy can alleviate the pain, and might not be the permanent solution. It is important that you discuss and evaluate your concerns properly before opting for this procedure. Surgery in which some of the nerves are cut in the pelvis has been found to be an effective treatment but it is advised to seek careful evaluation before going for this method.


	
Cervical Abnormalities


The cells that line the cervix and vagina are called squamous cells. When these cells do not appear normal and are found to be precancerous, then they are termed as Atypical squamous cells (ASC). The level of risks involved and the grade of cancer can be determined by screening. Different treatment options are available for different age groups and conditions like pregnancy.  For example, in pregnant women, a biopsy of the cervix is only done if there is a high concern regarding a precancerous or cancerous lesion. Hysterectomy can be performed as the last step in treating cervical cancer when other procedures proved to be ineffective.


	
Uterine prolapse


This is a condition in which the uterus descends or falls into your vagina when supporting ligaments and tissues become weak. It is caused due to the stretching and weakening of the ligaments and pelvic muscles. It is more common in women who have been pregnant and/or had vaginal childbirth. It is also found in those with certain genetic factors, lifestyle factors (such as repeated heavy lifting over the lifetime), or chronic constipation. Urinary incontinence, pelvic pressure or difficulty with bowel movements can be caused by uterine prolapse. Hysterectomy is an effective and necessary procedure to treat such a condition.


	
Endometriosis


Endometriosis is the condition in which the tissues lining the inside of the uterus grows in the body in other places outside the womb like on your ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other pelvic or abdominal organs. It can sometimes lead to endometrial cancer. You can undergo hysterectomy along with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy(BSO) to treat endometriosis after other methods have proved to be ineffective.

Why abdominal hysterectomy?

There are some factors which are considered for choosing the route of hysterectomy, which includes:


	
Accessibility to the uterus
	
Shape and size of the vagina and the uterus
	
The extent of extrauterine diseases
	
Available technology and facilities in the hospital
	
The need for concurrent procedures.
	
The experience of the surgeon.
	
Average case volume.


An abdominal hysterectomy is preferred over other procedures in the following cases:


	
If your surgeon wants to check other pelvic organs for possible diseases or risks.
	
If your uterus is large.
	
If your surgeon feels it is the better option.


 Vaginal and laparoscopic hysterectomy is considered minimally invasive procedures since a smaller incision is required to be made as compared to abdominal hysterectomy which leads to a shorter hospital stay and faster recovery. You must clearly understand your needs and concerns and discuss in proper details to choose the method best suited for you. The doctors at Apollo Cradle understands and considers the concerns and doubts a patient faces before undergoing such procedures. You can schedule a session with your doctor where you can understand everything you need to take care of for the procedure.

Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

Salpingo-oophorectomy refers to the removal of the ovary and fallopian tube. A unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is a procedure where only one ovary and fallopian tube is removed whereas in Bilateral Salpingo-oophorectomy or BSO, both ovaries and fallopian tubes are removed. A salpingo-oophorectomy may be recommended to reduce the risk of ovarian or breast cancer. Women who have high chances of ovarian cancer due to family or medical history can choose to go for this procedure. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy causes infertility and may lead to surgical menopause, which causes long-term side effects because of the hormonal disruptions involved. If you are undergoing this procedure, you should consult your doctor to understand the related risks and side effects and how to manage them. Laparoscopic surgery is a minimally invasive procedure available to some patients undergoing a salpingo-oophorectomy. Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is generally one of three types:


	
prophylactic in women with increased risk of ovarian cancer, or
	
elective at time of hysterectomy for benign conditions, or
	
because of malignancy.


Why Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy is done?

A salpingo-oophorectomy can be used as a treatment for the following conditions:


	
Endometriosis


Endometriosis is the condition in which the tissues lining the inside of the uterus grows in the body in other places outside the womb like on your ovaries, fallopian tubes, or other pelvic or abdominal organs. It can sometimes lead to endometrial cancer. This can cause severe pain and discomfort and sometimes requires the removal of the ovaries, uterus or fallopian tubes. You can undergo hysterectomy along with Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy (BSO) to treat endometriosis after other methods have proved to be ineffective.


	
Ovarian torsion


The ovary is connected to the pelvic wall by a thin ligament or tissues. Ovarian torsion also called adnexal torsion is caused when these ligaments twist around the ovaries and forms knots which eventually cuts off the blood and nerve supply. It is a painful condition and calls for a medical emergency which can lead to loss of the ovary if not treated on time. You might experience ovarian torsion if you have ovarian cysts. You may be able to reduce your risk by using hormonal birth control or other medications to help reduce the size of the cysts, as it causes the ovaries to swell and increase in size. If your condition is severe and prolonged loss of blood flow has caused the surrounding tissue to die, your doctor may suggest to remove it through salpingo-oophorectomy.


	
Ectopic pregnancy


Ectopic pregnancy is an emergency condition in which the fertilized egg implants into a location other than the uterus. Nausea and breast soreness are common symptoms in ectopic pregnancy. If immediate treatment is performed, it reduces the complications like it increases your chances for future, healthy pregnancies, and reduces future health complications. If the condition is not severe, your doctor might suggest medications. If the embryo gets implanted into the fallopian tube, it should be removed.


	
Ovarian mass


It is required to remove the entire ovary or fallopian tube if benign (non-cancerous) tumors, cysts, or abscesses develops in these areas, especially if the mass is putting pressure on nearby structures or is causing pain or pressure. Sometimes the symptoms of ovarian cancer can mimic symptoms of an ovarian cyst. Therefore, it is important to consult the doctor and undergo proper diagnosis to find the nature of the cysts. Ovarian torsion discussed above can also be a complication caused by ovarian cysts. It can cause fever, dizziness, and severe pelvic pain.


	
Ovarian Cancer


The removal of healthy ovaries and fallopian tubes in women who have an elevated risk for ovarian cancer is termed as Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO). Bilateral risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy has been shown to be a highly effective tool to lower the risk for both ovarian cancer and breast cancer in women at increased risk for ovarian cancer. Women between the ages of 35 – 40 or after childbearing is completed, with BRCA1 mutations undergo bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes). The average age of ovarian cancer onset is 8-10 years later than in BRCA1 mutation carriers, therefore, delaying RRSO until age 40-45 is “reasonable” for BRCA2 mutation carriers who have undergone a risk-reducing mastectomy. The women undergoing this surgery might experience immediate surgical menopause which is followed by some long-term and short-term side effects. Therefore, it is advised to consult your doctor and discuss in details your concerns regarding your risks and the risk-management decisions that will be best suited for you.

Before the surgery


	
You will be given general anesthesia to sleep before the procedure.
	
Consult your doctor about which method is appropriate for you since the surgery can be performed using a large incision, a laparoscope, or a robotic arm.
	
The ovaries produce the major amount of estrogen and progesterone in your body, you can consult the doctor regarding hormone replacement therapy since your ovaries will be removed.
	
This procedure will lead to menopause which means your estrogen levels will reduce and cause symptoms like hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness.
	
Contact your insurance company to make sure that the following procedure is covered. The staff at Apollo Cradle will provide you assistance if you need.
	
If you have other health problems, you may need preoperative testing.


Some other tips to follow before the surgery are as follows:


	
Pack some essentials like slippers or socks, a robe, and a few toiletries.
	
You are usually required to stop eating 8 hours before the surgery.
	
You won’t be able to drive, so arrange for some help to take you home after the procedure.
	
You will take some time to resume your work, So make sure to consult the concerned people in your company regarding short-term disability benefits.


During the procedure:


	
Before the procedure you will be given some medicines and antibiotics to prevent infections or abnormal blood clots.
	
Some tests might be performed to check for cancer like Endometrial biopsy, Cervical cytology (Pap test), Pelvic ultrasound This decision depends on your doctor.
	
You may also undergo preoperative cleansing of your vagina (vaginal douche) or preoperative cleansing of your rectum (enema).
	
This procedure is performed under general anesthesia so you will be asleep during the procedure and it will last up to around 2 hours.
	
As a first step, a catheter is passed through your urethra to empty your bladder.
	
An incision is made vertically or horizontally, depending on the reason behind the procedure. A horizontal incision is made in your lower belly about an inch above your pubic bone and a vertical incision is made above or below your belly button and it starts in the middle of your abdomen and extends from just below your navel to just above your pubic bone.
	
Through the incision, the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the uterus are removed depending on the issue you are facing.


After the procedure


	
You will be required to stay in the recovery room while you will be under surveillance in case of any further pain.
	
You might be required to stay in the hospital for a few days.
	
After the surgery, the incision is either stitched or glued, and covered with bandages. Do not apply lotions or ointments without the permission of your doctor.
	
You must avoid strenuous exercise and sexual activity for around 6 weeks after the procedure.
	
You will experience vaginal bleeding and discharge after the surgery and will be required to wear sanitary pads. But in case the bleeding is prolonged or excessive, you should immediately check with your doctor.
	
Your doctor might prescribe you some medicines to relieve pain.


Risks Involved:


	
Infection


If you are experiencing very high and prolonged fever, it might be the case of infection. Usually, these infections are not severe and rarely surgical methods are required to treat them.


	
Damage to other organs


The organs near the pelvic region like urinary bladder, ureters (small tubes leading from the kidneys to the bladder), and large and small intestines can get injured during the procedure and is usually identified and corrected then itself.


	
Blood clots


There is a risk for a blood clot in the legs or lungs after pelvic surgery. Treatments including compression stockings, pneumatic compression devices, and medication are given before surgery to avoid a blood clot.


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LAVH (Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy) is the surgical process of removing the uterus, which may also include the removal of the ovaries and the fallopian tubes. The uterus lining is ready for fertilisation after ovulation, which is the root cause of pregnancy. With hysterectomy, a woman won’t have periods or be able to bear a child.

Types of hysterectomy

These are the following types of hysterectomy –


	
Total hysterectomy – both the uterus and the cervix are removed.
	
Subtotal hysterectomy – only the uterus is removed. The cervix may or may not be removed because it is prone to cancer.
	
Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy – when a woman goes through severe chronic pain during ovarian cancer, this process is suggested where the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries are removed.
	
Radical hysterectomy – if a woman has any kind of cancer in the cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes or uterus, the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, top vaginal part, pelvic ligaments and lymph nodes are removed.
	
Prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy – The fallopian tubes are removed in this procedure. This is done to ensure that ovarian cancer does not happen.


Types of Hysterectomy operations

In order for these hysterectomies to take place, a surgical procedure is followed. This may include three methods. One can be a cut in the lower abdomen, that is called abdominal hysterectomy. In a laparoscopic hysterectomy, three to four small incisions are made in your abdomen, or through your vagina in vaginal hysterectomy.


	

	
Abdominal hysterectomy
	


In this process, a horizontal cut is made in your lower abdomen. This tends to leave a scar and is generally practised for those women who have very large fibroids or cancer.


	

	
Laparoscopic hysterectomy
	


In this type of hysterectomy, a telescope is inserted into your body with an incision made in your navel. A couple of more incisions are made and carbon dioxide is inserted into your abdomen to make it blow up like a balloon. This is done so that all your organs can be seen clearly. Then the uterus is removed, with or without the fallopian tubes and ovaries.


	

	
Vaginal hysterectomy
	


A cut is made in the upper part of the vagina. It removes the uterus and separates it from the ovaries, fallopian tubes and other parts of the lower body.

What is a Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH)

Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) is a type of surgery carried out to dispatch the uterus and ovaries. This is done through the uterus. This type of hysterectomy makes a small incision in the abdomen using a laparoscope. There are not many surgeries done with this process. Usually, in cases, a simple laparoscopic hysterectomy works out. However, sometimes it is advised to perform an abdominal or a vaginal hysterectomy. The appropriate procedure is different for each person based on their individual case, medical history and their condition.

Why is this procedure carried out?

A Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy is recommended in cases where there is the development of Fibroids, abnormal uterine bleeding, endometriosis or a possible overgrowth of any tissue in the uterus lining.

How is LAVH Performed?

This surgery is carried out in a special operation room where the patient is given general anaesthesia. Then, the doctor inserts a laparoscope in the abdomen and pumps carbon dioxide inside the body to inflate it and make all the organs visible. Incisions are made on the abdomen where small metal tubes, trocars and other tools for microsurgeries are used to perform this. There is a camera on top that captures the images of the body and projects them on the monitor screen. The uterus is then separated by detaching the fallopian tubes and ovaries and other pelvic structures. They are detached from the ligaments and blood supply is stopped to them. An incision is made through which the specimen is returned and after all of these are removed, they are sewed back through stitches.

What are the advantages of LAVH?

There are a few positive sides to this surgery due to which it is highly recommended. Here are a few of them –


	
The incisions made during this surgery are relatively small.
	
All the scars, pain and the recovery time are lesser as compared to the other processes such as abdominal hysterectomy or a vaginal hysterectomy.
	
For those women who haven’t had a child are allowed to get a vaginal hysterectomy done.
	
If we compare all the indications and the operation in its entirety, it is noticed that laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy is relatively easier. This is because of the carbon dioxide that inflates the body. The organs are visible on screen which makes it a simpler process.
	
One of the best benefits of laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy is that you don’t have to convert an abdominal hysterectomy into a vaginal hysterectomy.


What are the common risks or complications of LAVH? 

Other than the fact that there are a lot of benefits to this surgery, there are also a few disadvantages as well. These include infection, bleeding, damage to bowel and bladder, adhesions, hernia and thrombosis.

Precautions that need to be taken after LAVH

There are a few precautions you need to carefully follow after you get a laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy done. They include:


	
You should make sure that you completely avoid lifting any heavyweight objects or perform any strenuous activity for a week straight after the surgery.
	
Do not drive or indulge in any extreme movements at least until you are comfortable enough.
	
Do not have sexual intercourse or any other sexual activity until your doctor advises you to.
	
Try using pads instead of tampons
	
If you have a problem with constipation, try using laxatives or stool softeners.
	
The one thing you need to keep in mind is to not stress. Only perform tasks if you feel completely comfortable with them. The same is to be said about your otherwise daily activities.
	
Rest as much as you can.
	
If you feel any of the below-mentioned conditions after the surgery, visit your doctor immediately:



	
Heavy vaginal bleeding
	
High fever, more than 100 Fahrenheit
	
Sudden sharp pain in your leg area
	
A foul smell or a discharge from the vagina


Apollo Cradle, Brookfield

One of the largest and best maternity hospitals in India, Apollo Cradle is the most trusted place for a mother and a child. It offers the best quality treatment and care to its patients and makes sure that it maintains its standards with the best doctors and gynaecologists in the country. There are experienced professionals in nearly everything including Gynecology, Laparoscopy, Pediatrics, Neonatology, Fertility, Fetal Medicine. It is well known for having highly qualified pregnancy specialists.

Apollo Cradle Brookfield, Bangalore, has one of the largest exclusive facilities that are built to suit every woman and cater to their needs, both physical and emotional. This place is filled with advanced equipment and technology that ensures efficiency and positive results to its maximum potential.

Experience 

Apollo has multiple operation theatres and the best consultants. Some of them include


	
Dr Anju Namashivaya, who has done multiple degrees in MBBS, MRCOG, DRCOG, DFFP. She has 10 years of experience in fetal medicine.
	
Dr Namita Kapoor Sehgal, who has degrees in MBBS, MD (OBG), MRCOG and a 24 years experience in gynaecology and obstetrics.
	
Dr Garima Jain, who has degrees in MBBS and DNB and experience of 14 years in gynaecology and obstetrics.
	
Dr Vibha Rathor, with an MBBS and DGO and 21 years of experience in gynaecology and obstetrics.
	
Dr Aparna Jha, with an MBBS, MS, DNB and MRCOG (1) and a 12 years experience in gynaecology and obstetrics.


Benefits

There are various benefits you can avail from treatment at Apollo. They include:


	
Equal pricing of Normal Delivery & C-Section
	
Ultrasound imaging with the state of art facility
	
Highly equipped and specialised Labour and Delivery rooms
	
Ambulances with a proper ventilation system
	
Highly Trained team of doctors and professionals
	
Consultation teams and Counsellors available
	
Availability of a 24/7 pharmacy
	
Variety of Maternity Packages to choose from


Conclusion

Where science meets hope, Apollo is one of its creation. Here you can rest all your expectations on the hospital and expect the best results with best efforts. The doctors here ensure that your surgeries happen with least harm and utmost care. It is the choice of the patient to decide what is to be done; Apollo just assists with the rest of the work. Making the right choice is very necessary and Apollo will help you at every step you take towards a happy future.


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            [createdDate] => 2023-10-17 10:42:36
            [updatedDate] => 2024-05-04 08:48:42
            [ip_address] => 14.143.187.126
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LAVH (Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy) is the surgical process of removing the uterus, which may also include the removal of the ovaries and the fallopian tubes. The uterus lining is ready for fertilisation after ovulation, which is the root cause of pregnancy. With hysterectomy, a woman won’t have periods or be able to bear a child.

Types of hysterectomy

These are the following types of hysterectomy –


	
Total hysterectomy – both the uterus and the cervix are removed.
	
Subtotal hysterectomy – only the uterus is removed. The cervix may or may not be removed because it is prone to cancer.
	
Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy – when a woman goes through severe chronic pain during ovarian cancer, this process is suggested where the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries are removed.
	
Radical hysterectomy – if a woman has any kind of cancer in the cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes or uterus, the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, top vaginal part, pelvic ligaments and lymph nodes are removed.
	
Prophylactic bilateral salpingectomy – The fallopian tubes are removed in this procedure. This is done to ensure that ovarian cancer does not happen.


Types of Hysterectomy operations

In order for these hysterectomies to take place, a surgical procedure is followed. This may include three methods. One can be a cut in the lower abdomen, that is called abdominal hysterectomy. In a laparoscopic hysterectomy, three to four small incisions are made in your abdomen, or through your vagina in vaginal hysterectomy.


	

	
Abdominal hysterectomy
	


In this process, a horizontal cut is made in your lower abdomen. This tends to leave a scar and is generally practised for those women who have very large fibroids or cancer.


	

	
Laparoscopic hysterectomy
	


In this type of hysterectomy, a telescope is inserted into your body with an incision made in your navel. A couple of more incisions are made and carbon dioxide is inserted into your abdomen to make it blow up like a balloon. This is done so that all your organs can be seen clearly. Then the uterus is removed, with or without the fallopian tubes and ovaries.


	

	
Vaginal hysterectomy
	


A cut is made in the upper part of the vagina. It removes the uterus and separates it from the ovaries, fallopian tubes and other parts of the lower body.

What is a Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH)

Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) is a type of surgery carried out to dispatch the uterus and ovaries. This is done through the uterus. This type of hysterectomy makes a small incision in the abdomen using a laparoscope. There are not many surgeries done with this process. Usually, in cases, a simple laparoscopic hysterectomy works out. However, sometimes it is advised to perform an abdominal or a vaginal hysterectomy. The appropriate procedure is different for each person based on their individual case, medical history and their condition.

Why is this procedure carried out?

A Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy is recommended in cases where there is the development of Fibroids, abnormal uterine bleeding, endometriosis or a possible overgrowth of any tissue in the uterus lining.

How is LAVH Performed?

This surgery is carried out in a special operation room where the patient is given general anaesthesia. Then, the doctor inserts a laparoscope in the abdomen and pumps carbon dioxide inside the body to inflate it and make all the organs visible. Incisions are made on the abdomen where small metal tubes, trocars and other tools for microsurgeries are used to perform this. There is a camera on top that captures the images of the body and projects them on the monitor screen. The uterus is then separated by detaching the fallopian tubes and ovaries and other pelvic structures. They are detached from the ligaments and blood supply is stopped to them. An incision is made through which the specimen is returned and after all of these are removed, they are sewed back through stitches.

What are the advantages of LAVH?

There are a few positive sides to this surgery due to which it is highly recommended. Here are a few of them –


	
The incisions made during this surgery are relatively small.
	
All the scars, pain and the recovery time are lesser as compared to the other processes such as abdominal hysterectomy or a vaginal hysterectomy.
	
For those women who haven’t had a child are allowed to get a vaginal hysterectomy done.
	
If we compare all the indications and the operation in its entirety, it is noticed that laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy is relatively easier. This is because of the carbon dioxide that inflates the body. The organs are visible on screen which makes it a simpler process.
	
One of the best benefits of laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy is that you don’t have to convert an abdominal hysterectomy into a vaginal hysterectomy.


What are the common risks or complications of LAVH? 

Other than the fact that there are a lot of benefits to this surgery, there are also a few disadvantages as well. These include infection, bleeding, damage to bowel and bladder, adhesions, hernia and thrombosis.

Precautions that need to be taken after LAVH

There are a few precautions you need to carefully follow after you get a laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy done. They include:


	
You should make sure that you completely avoid lifting any heavyweight objects or perform any strenuous activity for a week straight after the surgery.
	
Do not drive or indulge in any extreme movements at least until you are comfortable enough.
	
Do not have sexual intercourse or any other sexual activity until your doctor advises you to.
	
Try using pads instead of tampons
	
If you have a problem with constipation, try using laxatives or stool softeners.
	
The one thing you need to keep in mind is to not stress. Only perform tasks if you feel completely comfortable with them. The same is to be said about your otherwise daily activities.
	
Rest as much as you can.
	
If you feel any of the below-mentioned conditions after the surgery, visit your doctor immediately:



	
Heavy vaginal bleeding
	
High fever, more than 100 Fahrenheit
	
Sudden sharp pain in your leg area
	
A foul smell or a discharge from the vagina


Apollo Cradle, Brookfield

One of the largest and best maternity hospitals in India, Apollo Cradle is the most trusted place for a mother and a child. It offers the best quality treatment and care to its patients and makes sure that it maintains its standards with the best doctors and gynaecologists in the country. There are experienced professionals in nearly everything including Gynecology, Laparoscopy, Pediatrics, Neonatology, Fertility, Fetal Medicine. It is well known for having highly qualified pregnancy specialists.

Apollo Cradle Brookfield, Bangalore, has one of the largest exclusive facilities that are built to suit every woman and cater to their needs, both physical and emotional. This place is filled with advanced equipment and technology that ensures efficiency and positive results to its maximum potential.

Experience 

Apollo has multiple operation theatres and the best consultants. Some of them include


	
Dr Anju Namashivaya, who has done multiple degrees in MBBS, MRCOG, DRCOG, DFFP. She has 10 years of experience in fetal medicine.
	
Dr Namita Kapoor Sehgal, who has degrees in MBBS, MD (OBG), MRCOG and a 24 years experience in gynaecology and obstetrics.
	
Dr Garima Jain, who has degrees in MBBS and DNB and experience of 14 years in gynaecology and obstetrics.
	
Dr Vibha Rathor, with an MBBS and DGO and 21 years of experience in gynaecology and obstetrics.
	
Dr Aparna Jha, with an MBBS, MS, DNB and MRCOG (1) and a 12 years experience in gynaecology and obstetrics.


Benefits

There are various benefits you can avail from treatment at Apollo. They include:


	
Equal pricing of Normal Delivery & C-Section
	
Ultrasound imaging with the state of art facility
	
Highly equipped and specialised Labour and Delivery rooms
	
Ambulances with a proper ventilation system
	
Highly Trained team of doctors and professionals
	
Consultation teams and Counsellors available
	
Availability of a 24/7 pharmacy
	
Variety of Maternity Packages to choose from


Conclusion

Where science meets hope, Apollo is one of its creation. Here you can rest all your expectations on the hospital and expect the best results with best efforts. The doctors here ensure that your surgeries happen with least harm and utmost care. It is the choice of the patient to decide what is to be done; Apollo just assists with the rest of the work. Making the right choice is very necessary and Apollo will help you at every step you take towards a happy future.


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            [createdDate] => 2023-10-17 10:42:36
            [updatedDate] => 2024-05-04 08:48:42
            [ip_address] => 14.143.187.126
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Laparoscopy:

The range of surgical procedures in gynecology performed with the use of laparoscopy is termed as laparoscopic surgery. With very fast technological advancements, as much as 80% of surgery can be performed by this method.

Salpingectomy:

The surgical removal of one or both fallopian tubes is termed as salpingectomy. It can be combined with other procedures based on different issues of the patient. Hence, the types of the salpingectomy are discussed as follows:


	
Unilateral salpingectomy: When only one fallopian tube from either side is removed, it is called unilateral salpingectomy.
	
Bilateral salpingectomy: When both fallopian tubes are removed from both sides of the ovaries, then it is termed as bilateral salpingectomy.
	
Partial salpingectomy: When only a part of the fallopian tube is removed, then it is termed as a partial salpingectomy.
	
Total salpingectomy: When the entire fallopian tube is removed, then it is termed as total salpingectomy.
	
Salpingo-oophorectomy: When the ovaries are also removed along with the fallopian tubes, then it is termed as a salpingo-oophorectomy.


Before the procedure:


	
Common routine tests


It includes the general tests that are common to all surgical procedures and are performed before the surgery like:

ECG

Blood test

Urine test

Chest X-ray


	
Abdominal and pelvic ultrasound


The image below the abdomen is viewed on the screen to determine the underlying cause of the issue.


	
Hysterosalpingogram


This is performed to check if the fallopian tube is blocked. To achieve this, a contrast medium is introduced into the uterus through the vaginal passage.

Consult your doctor regarding what to eat and how long before the procedure you should stop eating. You can opt for abdominal surgery as an alternative to laparoscopic surgery, therefore make sure to mention all your doubts and discuss with your doctor to decide the best approach for you. Salpingectomy has some effects and complications after the surgery, so it is important to discuss with your doctor about all the precautions and care to be taken and followed.

During the procedure:


	
You will be given a general or regional anesthesia to relieve the pain during the surgery.
	
You will be rested in a lithotomy position, that is your legs will be rested higher than your level over some support.
	
In the laparoscopic approach, small incisions are made near your belly button through which laparoscope and other microsurgical instruments are inserted.
	
Carbon dioxide gas is pumped into the abdominal cavity to provide a better view of the organs which helps the surgeon to use the instruments properly and avoid injuries. Also, the abdominal walls are separated from the organs which prevent injury to these organs.
	
After the surgeon reaches the fallopian tubes, he/she ties the tubes at the uterus end and cut it out.
	
Another incision is made to remove the cut fallopian tubes.
	
Lastly, all the incisions are stitched.


Advantages of laparoscopic surgery:


	
Reduced blood loss
	
Less adhesion formation
	
No large incisions
	
Rapid postoperative recovery
	
Quicker resumption of day to day activity
	
Minimal abdominal scars
	
Shorter hospital stay
	
Reduced concomitant cost
	
Less postoperative pain
	
Less use of postoperative analgesia
	
Increased patients satisfaction


Disadvantages of Laparoscopic surgery:


	
Risk of iatrogenic complications
	
Surgeons need specialized training and experience
	
High initial expenditure.
	
Equipment and instruments are sophisticated
	
Long learning curve
	
Operation time might be longer


Basic instruments used:


	
Telescope: The angle of view can be either straight forward, that is, at 0 degrees, or oblique, that is, at 30 degrees.
	
Veress needle: It is used to create a space which is filled with carbon dioxide. To prevent visceral injury, it is spring loaded.
	
Trocar and cannula: It is inserted through the abdominal wall following the carbon dioxide space. After removing the trocar, a telescope is inserted through the cannula. These trocars and cannula are also available in disposable form.
	
Light source: A high-intensity light, usually, xenon or halogen, the source is used for better visualization. Fiber-optic cables are used to transmit this light to the telescope.
	
Imaging system: light source, camera units, laparoscope, fiber optic cords, and monitor.
	
Camera unit: The three main parts of the camera are the camera head, cable, and camera control.
	
Monitors: High resolution colored monitors are used.
	
Insufflator: It displays the rate of gas flow and pressure in the air space created in the abdomen and hence it helps to control the number of gas leaks through the ports.


Complications of Laparoscopic approach:


	
Injury to the bowel: This usually happens in case of adhesions with trocars or veress needle.
	
Injury to blood vessels: injury caused to major pelvic or abdominal artery or vein usually caused during insertion of trocars.
	
Electrosurgical complications: like electrode burns, injury due to insulation defects.
	
Injury to organs: mechanical injury might be caused during dissection to organs like bowel, bladder, and ureter.
	
Gas embolism leading to cardiac arrhythmia and hypotension.


          Anesthetic complications:


	
Aspiration
	
Cardiac arrest
	
Basal lung compression
	
Hypercarbia, in case of excess CO2
	
Metabolic acidosis


           Common surgical complications:


	
Port site hernia
	
Hemorrhage
	
Infection
	
Wound dehiscence 



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            [updatedDate] => 2024-05-04 08:46:31
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Laparoscopy:

The range of surgical procedures in gynecology performed with the use of laparoscopy is termed as laparoscopic surgery. With very fast technological advancements, as much as 80% of surgery can be performed by this method.

Salpingectomy:

The surgical removal of one or both fallopian tubes is termed as salpingectomy. It can be combined with other procedures based on different issues of the patient. Hence, the types of the salpingectomy are discussed as follows:


	
Unilateral salpingectomy: When only one fallopian tube from either side is removed, it is called unilateral salpingectomy.
	
Bilateral salpingectomy: When both fallopian tubes are removed from both sides of the ovaries, then it is termed as bilateral salpingectomy.
	
Partial salpingectomy: When only a part of the fallopian tube is removed, then it is termed as a partial salpingectomy.
	
Total salpingectomy: When the entire fallopian tube is removed, then it is termed as total salpingectomy.
	
Salpingo-oophorectomy: When the ovaries are also removed along with the fallopian tubes, then it is termed as a salpingo-oophorectomy.


Before the procedure:


	
Common routine tests


It includes the general tests that are common to all surgical procedures and are performed before the surgery like:

ECG

Blood test

Urine test

Chest X-ray


	
Abdominal and pelvic ultrasound


The image below the abdomen is viewed on the screen to determine the underlying cause of the issue.


	
Hysterosalpingogram


This is performed to check if the fallopian tube is blocked. To achieve this, a contrast medium is introduced into the uterus through the vaginal passage.

Consult your doctor regarding what to eat and how long before the procedure you should stop eating. You can opt for abdominal surgery as an alternative to laparoscopic surgery, therefore make sure to mention all your doubts and discuss with your doctor to decide the best approach for you. Salpingectomy has some effects and complications after the surgery, so it is important to discuss with your doctor about all the precautions and care to be taken and followed.

During the procedure:


	
You will be given a general or regional anesthesia to relieve the pain during the surgery.
	
You will be rested in a lithotomy position, that is your legs will be rested higher than your level over some support.
	
In the laparoscopic approach, small incisions are made near your belly button through which laparoscope and other microsurgical instruments are inserted.
	
Carbon dioxide gas is pumped into the abdominal cavity to provide a better view of the organs which helps the surgeon to use the instruments properly and avoid injuries. Also, the abdominal walls are separated from the organs which prevent injury to these organs.
	
After the surgeon reaches the fallopian tubes, he/she ties the tubes at the uterus end and cut it out.
	
Another incision is made to remove the cut fallopian tubes.
	
Lastly, all the incisions are stitched.


Advantages of laparoscopic surgery:


	
Reduced blood loss
	
Less adhesion formation
	
No large incisions
	
Rapid postoperative recovery
	
Quicker resumption of day to day activity
	
Minimal abdominal scars
	
Shorter hospital stay
	
Reduced concomitant cost
	
Less postoperative pain
	
Less use of postoperative analgesia
	
Increased patients satisfaction


Disadvantages of Laparoscopic surgery:


	
Risk of iatrogenic complications
	
Surgeons need specialized training and experience
	
High initial expenditure.
	
Equipment and instruments are sophisticated
	
Long learning curve
	
Operation time might be longer


Basic instruments used:


	
Telescope: The angle of view can be either straight forward, that is, at 0 degrees, or oblique, that is, at 30 degrees.
	
Veress needle: It is used to create a space which is filled with carbon dioxide. To prevent visceral injury, it is spring loaded.
	
Trocar and cannula: It is inserted through the abdominal wall following the carbon dioxide space. After removing the trocar, a telescope is inserted through the cannula. These trocars and cannula are also available in disposable form.
	
Light source: A high-intensity light, usually, xenon or halogen, the source is used for better visualization. Fiber-optic cables are used to transmit this light to the telescope.
	
Imaging system: light source, camera units, laparoscope, fiber optic cords, and monitor.
	
Camera unit: The three main parts of the camera are the camera head, cable, and camera control.
	
Monitors: High resolution colored monitors are used.
	
Insufflator: It displays the rate of gas flow and pressure in the air space created in the abdomen and hence it helps to control the number of gas leaks through the ports.


Complications of Laparoscopic approach:


	
Injury to the bowel: This usually happens in case of adhesions with trocars or veress needle.
	
Injury to blood vessels: injury caused to major pelvic or abdominal artery or vein usually caused during insertion of trocars.
	
Electrosurgical complications: like electrode burns, injury due to insulation defects.
	
Injury to organs: mechanical injury might be caused during dissection to organs like bowel, bladder, and ureter.
	
Gas embolism leading to cardiac arrhythmia and hypotension.


          Anesthetic complications:


	
Aspiration
	
Cardiac arrest
	
Basal lung compression
	
Hypercarbia, in case of excess CO2
	
Metabolic acidosis


           Common surgical complications:


	
Port site hernia
	
Hemorrhage
	
Infection
	
Wound dehiscence 



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            [blog_title] => Breast Lump Excision
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Breast lump excision, also known as an excisional breast biopsy is larger and deeper than a shave or punch biopsy. It is used for conditions such as  cancer which must be entirely removed. Your doctor will go as deep as is necessary to remove all of the area visibly affected as well as some unaffected tissue around the outside of lesion. The incision is enclosed with some stitches.

A breast biopsy is usually performed to determine if an abnormal area or lump in your breast is cancerous. In this procedure, a tissue sample of the area of concern is removed so it can be examined by a pathologist. Breast biopsy may involve, one of three main techniques:


	
Fine needle aspiration Biopsy
	
Core needle biopsy
	
Surgical biopsy


Your doctor will choose the technique that best suits your situation.

During a fine needle aspiration biopsy, your doctor will insert a needle in your breast. Some form of guidance such as  an ultrasound probe will be used to guide the needle  to the correct area, then fluid or a small sample of tissue will be removed.

A core needle biopsy is done to remove several small pieces of tissue or cores of tissue from the breast. It may be guided using one of several techniques. During a stereotactic core needle biopsy, you will lie face down on a table with your breast inserted through a hole in the table. Your doctor will inject a local anesthetic to numb the area, then using a digital mammogram as a guide, your doctor will insert a hollow needle into the area of concern. Several small cylinders of tissue will be removed for examination. During an ultrasound guided core needle biopsy, your doctor will use an ultrasound probe to locate the area of concern. A hollow needle will be inserted to remove several cores of tissue.

Fine needle aspiration and core needle biopsies involve removing small samples of fluid or tissue, using a needle. However, if an area of concern detected by mammogram  or ultrasound is not accessible by a core needle biopsy or if your physician wants to remove the entire area, a surgical biopsy may be recommended. A surgical biopsy is done in an operating room using two techniques, i.e., Excisional biopsy and the incisional biopsy.

In the procedure of excisional biopsy, the entire mass that is affected is removed through an incision made on the breast. At the end of the procedure, the incision will be closed. Your surgeon will perform an incisional biopsy if only a small part of the area of concern needs to be removed usually to make a diagnosis. At the end of the procedure, the incision will be closed.

If the abnormality cannot be felt, needle localization will be used to mark the location of the area of concern. During this procedure, your radiologist will insert a hook wire into the breast through a needle under mammogram or ultrasound guidance. In order to mark the area, the needle will be removed, but the wire will stay in place. You will then go to the operating room where your surgeon will make an incision in the breast. He or she will follow the wire to locate the targeted area, then remove it. An x-ray will be taken of your breast to make sure the targeted area has been removed then your surgeon will close the incision.

Apollo Cradle Brookfield is an excellent choice when it comes to performing such procedures. The hospital is equipped with highly advanced technologies and tools that assist the doctors.

Causes of formation of lumps

The breast is made of layers of skin, fat and breast-tissue, all of which overlay the pectoralis muscle.

The tissue present in the breast consists of tiny ducts that carry milk and lump formation can take place among them in multiple ways.

The first kind of lump arises due to episodic chances in the breast. These periodic changes might often lead to the formation of cysts. These types of lumps can grow bigger and collapse on their own without the need of any kind of medical assistance.

Another type of lump occurs due to the elevation in the condition of the first kind of lump. In this type of lump, the size of cysts expands and as soon as you feel any kind of abnormality in your breasts, you must immediately consult a doctor.

The last type of lump takes the form of a tumor which can be cancerous or benign. When there is even the slightest doubt of the second type of lump, doctors immediately conduct tests  as well as breast biopsies to confirm the type of lump in order to decide on a treatment plan and diagnose the condition accordingly.

Sometimes, you will have breast changes that cannot be felt by physical examination alone.

How is it done?

At certain times, the doctors need to perform the excisional biopsy when the affected area can’t be spotted through a mammogram or a needle.

During the Procedure:

To perform an excisional biopsy, an elliptical incision is made and then the removal of the lesion takes place layer by layer.

The tools and equipments required for the excisional biopsy are:


	
A pair of forceps
	
A needle driver
	
Scissors for the surgery
	
A scalpel
	
A hemostat that is curved.
	
Multiple types of sutures for the closure purpose


This is the minimum requirement for the surgery, additional equipment might be needed depending upon the complexity of the surgery.

The first step of the surgery involves cleaning the area to be operated upon with some alcohol and after that the anesthesia is injected.

After the block is placed, the skin is cleansed with betadine and the area is draped to create a sterile field. The elliptical excision is made such that its longitudinal axis follows the skin lines. The skin is then excised fully through the dermis in order to obtain a full thickness biopsy. Once the ellipse is created, the tissue sample is completely removed by severing the underlying subcutaneous attachments. Short strokes are used with the 15 plate scalpel to incise down to the subcutaneous fat layer.

In order to reduce the tension along the wound while it is healing, the dermis is undermined along the lateral margins of the excision. Iris scissors are used for the purpose of undermining the margins of at least one half a centimeter larger for higher tension wounds. If the incision is large enough, then the deep tissue layers have adequate tensile strength, then a deep layer closure of absorbable suture may be used to reduce wound tension and also control bleeding if present in the deeper layer. Usually, two or three deep stitches are adequate to support the closure of small excisions.

Closure with interrupted stitches

In this case a single layer closure is performed with the needle passing through the subcutaneous layer to close the layer along with the skin surface and dermis. Simple interrupted sutures are placed to bring the wound edges together and allow healing with minimal scarring. It is good practice to evert the skin edges when passing the needle through the skin. The skin edges are everted and the needle is passed perpendicularly through the skin.

Benefits

Excisional biopsy is used when the mammogram and needle biopsies fail to locate the area of concern. Thus, excisional biopsy leaves no room for doubt. The tissue collected from the biopsy is sent for testing whether it is benign or not. If the tissue is found to be cancerous, the doctor proceeds with a surgical plan to operate out the tumor. The procedures by which the tumor can be operated are lumpectomy and mastectomy.

To avoid any sort of risk, you should visit Apollo Cradle Brookfield. The hospital specializes in dealing with cases like these. It has an outstanding team of extremely experienced and skilled doctors and technicians. Apollo Cradle has one of the best pediatrics and maternity departments. It offers amazing facilities to the patients and leave no room for complaints.

Here is a glance of the facilities provided at the hospital.


	
No Price difference between Normal Delivery & C-Section (Maternity Surgery): The hospital encourages natural/normal delivery and makes no difference between the price of a normal delivery and a c-section delivery.
	
Specialized and Delivery rooms: The hospital is highly equipped and comprised of highly specialized delivery rooms for better patient experience.
	
State-of-the-Art Ultrasound Imaging: The cutting edge ultra sound technology assists the most complicated surgeries by giving a clear picture that directs the flow of the surgeries. Surgeries like circumcision and hysterotomy require extremely focused images for the best outcome.
	
Level III NICU
	
Ventilator Equipped Ambulances: The ambulances of the hospital are also equipped with ventilators because every life is precious and it shouldn’t be lost because of delay, thus to assist patients, ambulances are equipped with ventilators.
	
Highly Trained Gynecologists and Nurses: The hospital hires the doctors and nurses with extreme care and only the most experienced, knowledgeable and skilled doctors as well as nurses are hired to avoid any kind of carelessness and ambiguity.
	
24X7 Pharmacy: Pharmacy services are available at all times. In case you require a medicine immediately, you can purchase it from the pharmacy.
	
Range of Maternity Packages: The maternity packages at the hospital are quite reasonable.
	
Surgical ICU
	
Apollo Experts


The agenda of the Apollo Cradle Brookfield is to give 100% support to their patients and assist them in every step of the way.

To get an insight to the hospital, you can visit the official website of Apollo Cradle Brookefield that will help you make a wise decision. On the website. You will find the detailed descriptions of the procedures performed and also the reviews of the patients who have  sought health care from the hospital.

The agenda of the hospital is to encourage natural child births and avoid any sort of surgery for the delivery.


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Breast lump excision, also known as an excisional breast biopsy is larger and deeper than a shave or punch biopsy. It is used for conditions such as  cancer which must be entirely removed. Your doctor will go as deep as is necessary to remove all of the area visibly affected as well as some unaffected tissue around the outside of lesion. The incision is enclosed with some stitches.

A breast biopsy is usually performed to determine if an abnormal area or lump in your breast is cancerous. In this procedure, a tissue sample of the area of concern is removed so it can be examined by a pathologist. Breast biopsy may involve, one of three main techniques:


	
Fine needle aspiration Biopsy
	
Core needle biopsy
	
Surgical biopsy


Your doctor will choose the technique that best suits your situation.

During a fine needle aspiration biopsy, your doctor will insert a needle in your breast. Some form of guidance such as  an ultrasound probe will be used to guide the needle  to the correct area, then fluid or a small sample of tissue will be removed.

A core needle biopsy is done to remove several small pieces of tissue or cores of tissue from the breast. It may be guided using one of several techniques. During a stereotactic core needle biopsy, you will lie face down on a table with your breast inserted through a hole in the table. Your doctor will inject a local anesthetic to numb the area, then using a digital mammogram as a guide, your doctor will insert a hollow needle into the area of concern. Several small cylinders of tissue will be removed for examination. During an ultrasound guided core needle biopsy, your doctor will use an ultrasound probe to locate the area of concern. A hollow needle will be inserted to remove several cores of tissue.

Fine needle aspiration and core needle biopsies involve removing small samples of fluid or tissue, using a needle. However, if an area of concern detected by mammogram  or ultrasound is not accessible by a core needle biopsy or if your physician wants to remove the entire area, a surgical biopsy may be recommended. A surgical biopsy is done in an operating room using two techniques, i.e., Excisional biopsy and the incisional biopsy.

In the procedure of excisional biopsy, the entire mass that is affected is removed through an incision made on the breast. At the end of the procedure, the incision will be closed. Your surgeon will perform an incisional biopsy if only a small part of the area of concern needs to be removed usually to make a diagnosis. At the end of the procedure, the incision will be closed.

If the abnormality cannot be felt, needle localization will be used to mark the location of the area of concern. During this procedure, your radiologist will insert a hook wire into the breast through a needle under mammogram or ultrasound guidance. In order to mark the area, the needle will be removed, but the wire will stay in place. You will then go to the operating room where your surgeon will make an incision in the breast. He or she will follow the wire to locate the targeted area, then remove it. An x-ray will be taken of your breast to make sure the targeted area has been removed then your surgeon will close the incision.

Apollo Cradle Brookfield is an excellent choice when it comes to performing such procedures. The hospital is equipped with highly advanced technologies and tools that assist the doctors.

Causes of formation of lumps

The breast is made of layers of skin, fat and breast-tissue, all of which overlay the pectoralis muscle.

The tissue present in the breast consists of tiny ducts that carry milk and lump formation can take place among them in multiple ways.

The first kind of lump arises due to episodic chances in the breast. These periodic changes might often lead to the formation of cysts. These types of lumps can grow bigger and collapse on their own without the need of any kind of medical assistance.

Another type of lump occurs due to the elevation in the condition of the first kind of lump. In this type of lump, the size of cysts expands and as soon as you feel any kind of abnormality in your breasts, you must immediately consult a doctor.

The last type of lump takes the form of a tumor which can be cancerous or benign. When there is even the slightest doubt of the second type of lump, doctors immediately conduct tests  as well as breast biopsies to confirm the type of lump in order to decide on a treatment plan and diagnose the condition accordingly.

Sometimes, you will have breast changes that cannot be felt by physical examination alone.

How is it done?

At certain times, the doctors need to perform the excisional biopsy when the affected area can’t be spotted through a mammogram or a needle.

During the Procedure:

To perform an excisional biopsy, an elliptical incision is made and then the removal of the lesion takes place layer by layer.

The tools and equipments required for the excisional biopsy are:


	
A pair of forceps
	
A needle driver
	
Scissors for the surgery
	
A scalpel
	
A hemostat that is curved.
	
Multiple types of sutures for the closure purpose


This is the minimum requirement for the surgery, additional equipment might be needed depending upon the complexity of the surgery.

The first step of the surgery involves cleaning the area to be operated upon with some alcohol and after that the anesthesia is injected.

After the block is placed, the skin is cleansed with betadine and the area is draped to create a sterile field. The elliptical excision is made such that its longitudinal axis follows the skin lines. The skin is then excised fully through the dermis in order to obtain a full thickness biopsy. Once the ellipse is created, the tissue sample is completely removed by severing the underlying subcutaneous attachments. Short strokes are used with the 15 plate scalpel to incise down to the subcutaneous fat layer.

In order to reduce the tension along the wound while it is healing, the dermis is undermined along the lateral margins of the excision. Iris scissors are used for the purpose of undermining the margins of at least one half a centimeter larger for higher tension wounds. If the incision is large enough, then the deep tissue layers have adequate tensile strength, then a deep layer closure of absorbable suture may be used to reduce wound tension and also control bleeding if present in the deeper layer. Usually, two or three deep stitches are adequate to support the closure of small excisions.

Closure with interrupted stitches

In this case a single layer closure is performed with the needle passing through the subcutaneous layer to close the layer along with the skin surface and dermis. Simple interrupted sutures are placed to bring the wound edges together and allow healing with minimal scarring. It is good practice to evert the skin edges when passing the needle through the skin. The skin edges are everted and the needle is passed perpendicularly through the skin.

Benefits

Excisional biopsy is used when the mammogram and needle biopsies fail to locate the area of concern. Thus, excisional biopsy leaves no room for doubt. The tissue collected from the biopsy is sent for testing whether it is benign or not. If the tissue is found to be cancerous, the doctor proceeds with a surgical plan to operate out the tumor. The procedures by which the tumor can be operated are lumpectomy and mastectomy.

To avoid any sort of risk, you should visit Apollo Cradle Brookfield. The hospital specializes in dealing with cases like these. It has an outstanding team of extremely experienced and skilled doctors and technicians. Apollo Cradle has one of the best pediatrics and maternity departments. It offers amazing facilities to the patients and leave no room for complaints.

Here is a glance of the facilities provided at the hospital.


	
No Price difference between Normal Delivery & C-Section (Maternity Surgery): The hospital encourages natural/normal delivery and makes no difference between the price of a normal delivery and a c-section delivery.
	
Specialized and Delivery rooms: The hospital is highly equipped and comprised of highly specialized delivery rooms for better patient experience.
	
State-of-the-Art Ultrasound Imaging: The cutting edge ultra sound technology assists the most complicated surgeries by giving a clear picture that directs the flow of the surgeries. Surgeries like circumcision and hysterotomy require extremely focused images for the best outcome.
	
Level III NICU
	
Ventilator Equipped Ambulances: The ambulances of the hospital are also equipped with ventilators because every life is precious and it shouldn’t be lost because of delay, thus to assist patients, ambulances are equipped with ventilators.
	
Highly Trained Gynecologists and Nurses: The hospital hires the doctors and nurses with extreme care and only the most experienced, knowledgeable and skilled doctors as well as nurses are hired to avoid any kind of carelessness and ambiguity.
	
24X7 Pharmacy: Pharmacy services are available at all times. In case you require a medicine immediately, you can purchase it from the pharmacy.
	
Range of Maternity Packages: The maternity packages at the hospital are quite reasonable.
	
Surgical ICU
	
Apollo Experts


The agenda of the Apollo Cradle Brookfield is to give 100% support to their patients and assist them in every step of the way.

To get an insight to the hospital, you can visit the official website of Apollo Cradle Brookefield that will help you make a wise decision. On the website. You will find the detailed descriptions of the procedures performed and also the reviews of the patients who have  sought health care from the hospital.

The agenda of the hospital is to encourage natural child births and avoid any sort of surgery for the delivery.


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            [blog_title] => Vaginal Hysterectomy: Treatment, Procedure and Risks
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What Is Vaginal Hysterectomy?

Vaginal Hysterectomy is a procedure of using a surgical method to remove the uterus from the vagina. During the Vaginal Hysterectomy, the surgeon removes the uterus from the fallopian tube, ovaries and upper vagina. The connecting tissues that support the uterus and the blood vessels are also detached before removing the uterus.

This surgical procedure involves low cost, shorter time in hospital. It also involves a shorter recovery period, unlike abdominal hysterectomy that needs an incision in your lower abdomen. Sometimes vaginal hysterectomy may not be possible due to your shape and size of your uterus. In these cases you may be advised to go for abdominal hysterectomy.

Why Vaginal Hysterectomy Is Done?

Vaginal Hysterectomy is done to cause various gyenic problems. A person can cure their following gynaecological problems through this surgical process:


	
Abnormal uterine bleeding: If a person is suffering from menorrhagia in which there occurs extensive uterine bleeding then, it can lead to anaemia or fatigue. Menorrhagia is referred to a state when bleeding lasts for more than normal, i.e.7 days. Metrorrhagia can also occur to the women suffering from Menorrhagia wherein an irregular uterine bleeding occurs. Metrorrhagia occurs when bleeding or spotting occurs on the days other than the expected menstrual period.
	
Fibroids: Fibroids is a state to stretching up of pelvis supporting tissues or weakening of ligaments. This causes the uterus to droop into the vagina. It causes pelvic pressure, urine leakage or difficult bowel movements. Removing uterus may help in repairing the supportive tissues thus, aiding the symptoms.
	
Adenomyosis: Adenomyosis occurs when the tissues that generally line up the uterus grows into the walls of uterus. This results in heavy painful periods due to enlargement of the uterus.
	
Endometriosis: This occurs when tissues that generally line up the uterus grows outside the uterus.
	
Gynaecological cancer: If you’re suffering from uterus, ovaries or cervical cancer. Then your doctor may recommend you to go for Hysterectomy. Abdominal Hysterectomy treats this kind of cancer but sometimes Vaginal Hysterectomy may also cure it.
	
Chronic Pelvic pain: If you’re sure that your pain is caused because of your uterine condition Vagina Hysterectomy may work for you as a last resort. As diagnosing the exact cause of pelvic pain may be critical before going through the surgical procedure.


What Preoperative Planning and Evaluations Are Required?

The surgeon and women decide whether the fallopian tubes or/and the ovaries should be detached and if estrogen replacement therapy should be done.


	
Removal of ovaries: A hysterectomy doesn’t always require removal of ovaries. The decision to remove it depends on several other factors. If the ovaries are removed at the time of hysterectomy then fallopian tubes are also detached.
	
Removal of fallopian tubes: It possible to remove the fallopian tubes keeping the ovaries with the hysterectomy. This may decrease the chances of one type of ovarian cancer and thus conserving the hormone production of the ovaries. Sometimes due to the scar tissues, it is not possible to remove the fallopian tube. This factor may increase the risk of removal.
	
Estrogen therapy: This therapy is recommended for the women who went through the ovary removal process. This therapy may also be used by women who have not reached the age of menopause. This may reduce the risk of night sweats, hot flashes and bone density loss that usually happens when ovaries are removed. Women who keep their ovaries may 8not need ET after hysterectomy.
	
Preoperative testing: Physical examination, chest x-ray, electrocardiogram and blood testing is included in preoperative testing. These tests depend on the age and other medical conditions of the patient.


How Should You Prepare for the Surgery?


	
Gather relevant information: Ask your doctor or surgeon regarding your queries. Try to get clear with all the information you are required to know.
	
Follow your doctor’s or surgeon’s instructions carefully: Ask your doctor if you should take your usual medicines before the hysterectomy. Make sure to tell him/her about your dietary supplements, other medications or any other herbal preparations that you might be taking.
	
Arrange for help: Ask someone to help you at your home. As many patients recover soon after Vaginal Hysterectomy but still it takes time, so you may require some help.
	
Discuss anaesthesia: Discuss with your doctor the anaesthesia you’ll be given, whether it is general anaesthesia or regional anaesthesia. During the surgery regional anaesthesia blocks the feel of the lower half of your body. While with general anaesthesia you’ll fall asleep at the time of surgery.


How It Is Done?

Vaginal hysterectomy is generally done in the hospital and takes 1-2 hours. The procedure may take longer time if other procedures are also done like, treatment of prolapse. First of all, the patient is given general anaesthesia or sedation for not making them feel the pain. Blood pressure, heart rate, respiration and blood loss are closely observed before surgery.  After successful completion of the surgery, the patients are taken to the post-anaesthesia unit also known as the recovery room. In the recovery room, they are monitored while they woke up. Many patients are allowed to go home the same day while some may get admitted in the hospital.

What Can You Expect During the Surgical Procedure?

Don’t forget to ask your doctor what to expect after and during the Vaginal Hysterectomy. To perform the surgery your surgeon may make an incision into your vagina to get your uterus out. Then, he separates your uterus from ovaries, fallopian tubes and connective tissues by tightly holding the uterine blood vessels using a long instrument. After removal of your uterus from your vaginal opening absorbable stitches are made in order to control bleeding inside the pelvis.

How You May Feel Emotionally and Physically After the Surgery?

After the surgery, you may be discharged and may go home normally. However, you may be prescribed some medicines. You may also need to wear sanitary pads as it is normal sometimes to have bloody vaginal discharge after the surgery.

Recovery, after Vaginal Hysterectomy takes is less painful and time-consuming as compared to another abdominal hysterectomy. However, a full recovery may take 3-4 weeks. Don’t have vaginal intercourse or lift more than 20 pounds until 6 weeks of surgery. Contact your doctor if you’re observing vaginal pain or any other side effects. You may feel relieved after Vaginal Hysterectomy as you may no longer have to bear with heavy vaginal bleeding or pelvic pain. However, you might feel tensed or get into depression especially you’re hoping or have planned a pregnancy.

Risk and Results After Vaginal Hysterectomy

Even though Vaginal Hysterectomy is safe. It may include the following risks:


	
Heavy bleeding
	
Adverse reaction to anaesthesia
	
Blood clots in the lungs or legs
	
Infection
	
Damage to surrounding organs
	
Constipation
	
Urinary retention
	
Early menopause


After Vaginal Hysterectomy you’ll no longer be able to get pregnant or have periods. If you have not reached your menopause but got your ovaries removed, you’ll soon get menopause. But if you’re ovaries weren’t removed during the surgery then you may bleed normally until you reach your natural menopause.

Apollo Cradle Nehru Place

Apollo cradle Nehru Place is the best maternity hospital in Delhi, India. It offers the best medical care possible for their patients. It is one of the most trusted maternity hospitals. This hospital has the most advanced maternity treatment offered by experienced doctors. The hospital specialises nearly in every medical section including Laparoscopy, Gynaecology, Fertility, Neonatology & Pediatrics, and Fetal Medicine etc. It has highly qualified pregnancy specialists.

Features of Apollo Cradle Nehru Place


	
If you want to have one of the best treatments for yourself. Then this 7-star maternity hospital will provide you with the utmost care and will make you feel like home.
	
This hospital was launched recently in 2015; in Delhi which occupies a space of 35,000 sift. This hospital is a trustworthy maternity hospital, especially for women and children.
	
The doctors, nurses, surgeons and staff of the hospital will take of you with personal pampering sessions and the best medical care can be expected in Apollo Cradle Nehru Place.
	
For the mothers that gave birth to their child and if is in a critical condition, this hospital provides them with Maternal ICU and Intrinsic care for the newborn baby.
	
The hospital provides with fully automated beds, no restrictions on visiting hours, offers a diet rich multi-cuisine food for the patient. It tries to give every possible facility to make the patient feel better.
	
If any newborn baby needs topmost care under certain circumstances, then it provides them with III level Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.


Advantages of Apollo Cradle, Nehru Place


	
Offers clinical services with more than 30 years of excellence
	
All possible treatments protocols are followed by the patient’s high risk.
	
Has perfection and efficiency in its treatments.
	
Provides best assessment services if someone is expecting.
	
Competent, trained and knowledgeable staff
	
Always try for improvement through reviews and feedback from patients and staffs as well.
	
Constantly loos after its skill development programs.


Experience and Doctors

The hospital has about 50 best doctors in India. All the doctors working with them are qualified and has years of experience. List of few doctors of the hospital are as follows:


	
Dr Vimal Grover (MBBS, MD-Obstetrics &Gynaecology): She is a Gynaecologist, Obstetrician and an infertility specialist.
	
Dr Helai Gupta: She is a Gynaecologist and an Obstetrician having 25 years of experience
	
Dr Ranjana Sharma: She is having 37 years of experience and is an Obstetrician, Gynaecologist, infertility specialist.
	
Dr Shakti Bhan Khanna: Dr. Shakti Khanna is a Gynaecologist and an Obstetrician with 48 years of experience.
	
Dr Geeta Chada: Gynaecologist and an Obstetrician with 32 years of experience.
	
Dr Neeta Mishra: Gynaecologist, Infertility Specialist, Obstetrician since 30 years.
	
Dr Prof. Sadhana Kala : Gynaecologist, Infertility Specialist, Obstetrician since 45 years.


Conclusion

Apollo Cradle, Nehru Place is a rib for the mother and her child. The hospital let you put all your expectations on them with an assurance to fulfil them. The doctors always make sure not to make you feel your money and hopes are wasted. Your good health is what they care for and it’s mandatory to make the right choice for your health. Apollo Cradle, Nehru Place is the best place for your healthy happy future.


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What Is Vaginal Hysterectomy?

Vaginal Hysterectomy is a procedure of using a surgical method to remove the uterus from the vagina. During the Vaginal Hysterectomy, the surgeon removes the uterus from the fallopian tube, ovaries and upper vagina. The connecting tissues that support the uterus and the blood vessels are also detached before removing the uterus.

This surgical procedure involves low cost, shorter time in hospital. It also involves a shorter recovery period, unlike abdominal hysterectomy that needs an incision in your lower abdomen. Sometimes vaginal hysterectomy may not be possible due to your shape and size of your uterus. In these cases you may be advised to go for abdominal hysterectomy.

Why Vaginal Hysterectomy Is Done?

Vaginal Hysterectomy is done to cause various gyenic problems. A person can cure their following gynaecological problems through this surgical process:


	
Abnormal uterine bleeding: If a person is suffering from menorrhagia in which there occurs extensive uterine bleeding then, it can lead to anaemia or fatigue. Menorrhagia is referred to a state when bleeding lasts for more than normal, i.e.7 days. Metrorrhagia can also occur to the women suffering from Menorrhagia wherein an irregular uterine bleeding occurs. Metrorrhagia occurs when bleeding or spotting occurs on the days other than the expected menstrual period.
	
Fibroids: Fibroids is a state to stretching up of pelvis supporting tissues or weakening of ligaments. This causes the uterus to droop into the vagina. It causes pelvic pressure, urine leakage or difficult bowel movements. Removing uterus may help in repairing the supportive tissues thus, aiding the symptoms.
	
Adenomyosis: Adenomyosis occurs when the tissues that generally line up the uterus grows into the walls of uterus. This results in heavy painful periods due to enlargement of the uterus.
	
Endometriosis: This occurs when tissues that generally line up the uterus grows outside the uterus.
	
Gynaecological cancer: If you’re suffering from uterus, ovaries or cervical cancer. Then your doctor may recommend you to go for Hysterectomy. Abdominal Hysterectomy treats this kind of cancer but sometimes Vaginal Hysterectomy may also cure it.
	
Chronic Pelvic pain: If you’re sure that your pain is caused because of your uterine condition Vagina Hysterectomy may work for you as a last resort. As diagnosing the exact cause of pelvic pain may be critical before going through the surgical procedure.


What Preoperative Planning and Evaluations Are Required?

The surgeon and women decide whether the fallopian tubes or/and the ovaries should be detached and if estrogen replacement therapy should be done.


	
Removal of ovaries: A hysterectomy doesn’t always require removal of ovaries. The decision to remove it depends on several other factors. If the ovaries are removed at the time of hysterectomy then fallopian tubes are also detached.
	
Removal of fallopian tubes: It possible to remove the fallopian tubes keeping the ovaries with the hysterectomy. This may decrease the chances of one type of ovarian cancer and thus conserving the hormone production of the ovaries. Sometimes due to the scar tissues, it is not possible to remove the fallopian tube. This factor may increase the risk of removal.
	
Estrogen therapy: This therapy is recommended for the women who went through the ovary removal process. This therapy may also be used by women who have not reached the age of menopause. This may reduce the risk of night sweats, hot flashes and bone density loss that usually happens when ovaries are removed. Women who keep their ovaries may 8not need ET after hysterectomy.
	
Preoperative testing: Physical examination, chest x-ray, electrocardiogram and blood testing is included in preoperative testing. These tests depend on the age and other medical conditions of the patient.


How Should You Prepare for the Surgery?


	
Gather relevant information: Ask your doctor or surgeon regarding your queries. Try to get clear with all the information you are required to know.
	
Follow your doctor’s or surgeon’s instructions carefully: Ask your doctor if you should take your usual medicines before the hysterectomy. Make sure to tell him/her about your dietary supplements, other medications or any other herbal preparations that you might be taking.
	
Arrange for help: Ask someone to help you at your home. As many patients recover soon after Vaginal Hysterectomy but still it takes time, so you may require some help.
	
Discuss anaesthesia: Discuss with your doctor the anaesthesia you’ll be given, whether it is general anaesthesia or regional anaesthesia. During the surgery regional anaesthesia blocks the feel of the lower half of your body. While with general anaesthesia you’ll fall asleep at the time of surgery.


How It Is Done?

Vaginal hysterectomy is generally done in the hospital and takes 1-2 hours. The procedure may take longer time if other procedures are also done like, treatment of prolapse. First of all, the patient is given general anaesthesia or sedation for not making them feel the pain. Blood pressure, heart rate, respiration and blood loss are closely observed before surgery.  After successful completion of the surgery, the patients are taken to the post-anaesthesia unit also known as the recovery room. In the recovery room, they are monitored while they woke up. Many patients are allowed to go home the same day while some may get admitted in the hospital.

What Can You Expect During the Surgical Procedure?

Don’t forget to ask your doctor what to expect after and during the Vaginal Hysterectomy. To perform the surgery your surgeon may make an incision into your vagina to get your uterus out. Then, he separates your uterus from ovaries, fallopian tubes and connective tissues by tightly holding the uterine blood vessels using a long instrument. After removal of your uterus from your vaginal opening absorbable stitches are made in order to control bleeding inside the pelvis.

How You May Feel Emotionally and Physically After the Surgery?

After the surgery, you may be discharged and may go home normally. However, you may be prescribed some medicines. You may also need to wear sanitary pads as it is normal sometimes to have bloody vaginal discharge after the surgery.

Recovery, after Vaginal Hysterectomy takes is less painful and time-consuming as compared to another abdominal hysterectomy. However, a full recovery may take 3-4 weeks. Don’t have vaginal intercourse or lift more than 20 pounds until 6 weeks of surgery. Contact your doctor if you’re observing vaginal pain or any other side effects. You may feel relieved after Vaginal Hysterectomy as you may no longer have to bear with heavy vaginal bleeding or pelvic pain. However, you might feel tensed or get into depression especially you’re hoping or have planned a pregnancy.

Risk and Results After Vaginal Hysterectomy

Even though Vaginal Hysterectomy is safe. It may include the following risks:


	
Heavy bleeding
	
Adverse reaction to anaesthesia
	
Blood clots in the lungs or legs
	
Infection
	
Damage to surrounding organs
	
Constipation
	
Urinary retention
	
Early menopause


After Vaginal Hysterectomy you’ll no longer be able to get pregnant or have periods. If you have not reached your menopause but got your ovaries removed, you’ll soon get menopause. But if you’re ovaries weren’t removed during the surgery then you may bleed normally until you reach your natural menopause.

Apollo Cradle Nehru Place

Apollo cradle Nehru Place is the best maternity hospital in Delhi, India. It offers the best medical care possible for their patients. It is one of the most trusted maternity hospitals. This hospital has the most advanced maternity treatment offered by experienced doctors. The hospital specialises nearly in every medical section including Laparoscopy, Gynaecology, Fertility, Neonatology & Pediatrics, and Fetal Medicine etc. It has highly qualified pregnancy specialists.

Features of Apollo Cradle Nehru Place


	
If you want to have one of the best treatments for yourself. Then this 7-star maternity hospital will provide you with the utmost care and will make you feel like home.
	
This hospital was launched recently in 2015; in Delhi which occupies a space of 35,000 sift. This hospital is a trustworthy maternity hospital, especially for women and children.
	
The doctors, nurses, surgeons and staff of the hospital will take of you with personal pampering sessions and the best medical care can be expected in Apollo Cradle Nehru Place.
	
For the mothers that gave birth to their child and if is in a critical condition, this hospital provides them with Maternal ICU and Intrinsic care for the newborn baby.
	
The hospital provides with fully automated beds, no restrictions on visiting hours, offers a diet rich multi-cuisine food for the patient. It tries to give every possible facility to make the patient feel better.
	
If any newborn baby needs topmost care under certain circumstances, then it provides them with III level Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.


Advantages of Apollo Cradle, Nehru Place


	
Offers clinical services with more than 30 years of excellence
	
All possible treatments protocols are followed by the patient’s high risk.
	
Has perfection and efficiency in its treatments.
	
Provides best assessment services if someone is expecting.
	
Competent, trained and knowledgeable staff
	
Always try for improvement through reviews and feedback from patients and staffs as well.
	
Constantly loos after its skill development programs.


Experience and Doctors

The hospital has about 50 best doctors in India. All the doctors working with them are qualified and has years of experience. List of few doctors of the hospital are as follows:


	
Dr Vimal Grover (MBBS, MD-Obstetrics &Gynaecology): She is a Gynaecologist, Obstetrician and an infertility specialist.
	
Dr Helai Gupta: She is a Gynaecologist and an Obstetrician having 25 years of experience
	
Dr Ranjana Sharma: She is having 37 years of experience and is an Obstetrician, Gynaecologist, infertility specialist.
	
Dr Shakti Bhan Khanna: Dr. Shakti Khanna is a Gynaecologist and an Obstetrician with 48 years of experience.
	
Dr Geeta Chada: Gynaecologist and an Obstetrician with 32 years of experience.
	
Dr Neeta Mishra: Gynaecologist, Infertility Specialist, Obstetrician since 30 years.
	
Dr Prof. Sadhana Kala : Gynaecologist, Infertility Specialist, Obstetrician since 45 years.


Conclusion

Apollo Cradle, Nehru Place is a rib for the mother and her child. The hospital let you put all your expectations on them with an assurance to fulfil them. The doctors always make sure not to make you feel your money and hopes are wasted. Your good health is what they care for and it’s mandatory to make the right choice for your health. Apollo Cradle, Nehru Place is the best place for your healthy happy future.


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            [blog_title] => Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy and Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy
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Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure of the removal of the uterus through the vagina. The uterus is the organ where the baby develops during pregnancy, placed right above the vagina. Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy (BSO) is the removal of cervix, uterus and both ovaries and fallopian tubes in one surgical procedure.

In LAHV, a small incision is made on the abdominal wall to permit the laparoscope to enter the abdomen or pelvis. The ovaries and fallopian tubes are removed through the vagina while the laparoscope provides an unobstructed view to the surgeon. A laparoscope is a long tube with an attached light and camera at its end.

The insertion for LAVH is relatively small leading to less pain and less blood loss. The recovery time is also shorter. It can be done in patients who have not had children and a more feasible option. A hysterectomy for Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy is done due to multiple reasons.

At Apollo Cradle, Nehru Place we provide complete healthcare and top-class medical facilities to make your stay with us as comfortable as possible. Our doctors and healthcare professionals are experienced in conducting every procedure with utmost care making the whole process a pleasant one.

Why are patients advised to have this surgery?

There are various reasons for having hysterectomies done.

Removal of cancerous cells.

There might be the growth of cancerous cells in your uterus walls or tissue on the cervix which needs to be removed. There are other procedures for a different type of cancer like radiation and chemotherapy. One should refer to an oncologist.

Fibroids

Fibroids are the most common reason for LAVH and the only solution. These are benign uterine tumors that if left untreated can lead to anemia, pelvic pain, bladder pressure and persistent bleeding. But women have minimal symptoms of fibroids that might not need attention.

Endemetriosis

Endemetrium, a tissue lining in the uterus sometimes starts growing outside on the fallopian tubes, ovaries and cervix. This sometimes leads to pain and bleeding not responding to other treatments.

Uterine Prolapse

This is a condition when the uterus descends into the vagina due to sagging and weak supporting tissues and ligaments. This leads to difficulty in bowel movement, pelvic pressure and urinary incontinence.

Heavy bleeding

Abnormal vaginal bleeding that could not be treated with other methods like medicines, Dilatation and Curettage (D&C), a hysterectomy might be the solution. Irregular and heavy period with intense pelvic pain leads one to remove their uterus and related organs.

One should have carefully evaluated all the consequences of this surgery before undergoing it for an unnecessary hysterectomy can lead to more complications. One should be aware that one cannot get pregnant after getting LAVH done. If you want to conceive in the future this procedure is not for you. Also after LAVH with BSO, one should consider Hormone replacement therapy to get accustomed to the sudden deficiency of hormones like estrogen from your body.

How to prepare for the procedure

It is always apprehensive to undergo surgery and one should be well prepared for the process.

Get information

Refer to your doctor and healthcare assistance at every step of the surgery. Get information and be well aware of the procedure to make an educated choice. Having the required information always gets you comfortable with the method leading to trouble-free surgery.

Follow instructions

Make sure your doctor is aware of all your medical record and medication routine. Get clear instructions from your doctor on any change in the dietary pattern or usual medication that might need to be stopped before the day of the surgery. These include any over the counter medication, herbal preparations and dietary supplements.

Anesthesia

You need to make a clear choice about the kind of anesthesia you would like to use. For LAVH with BSO one can get general or regional anesthesia (spinal or epidural).

Plan your stay

Depending on the nature of your surgery and anesthesia type your stay at the hospital might change. Some women can leave within a few hours after the surgery or might need to stay back for 1 or 2 days.

Post surgery help

Make sure to have someone available to take care of you after your surgery. You might need several weeks before you can get back to a normal routine and have restricted diet. You cannot do strenuous work or lift heavy objects right after the surgery.

You might be required to take a few tests before the surgery.

Cervical Cytology (Pap-Test)

This test is done to check for abnormal cervical cells or cervical cancer.

Endometrial Biopsy

The abnormal growth of endometrium or presence of cancer in the uterine wall is checked through this test.

Pelvic ultrasound

The size of the uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, or endometrial polyps are checked.

You will receive a preoperative cleansing of your vagina. And is advised to take a bath with a particular cleanser given by the doctor on the day of the surgery.

What happens during the procedure?

The patient is administered anesthesia depending on the type chosen.

During LAVH, incisions are made either vertically or horizontally on the abdominal walls near the belly button to allow passage of metal tubes called ‘trocars’. The laparoscope is also inserted to view the inside of your belly inflated with carbon-di-oxide. Another tube is passed through the vaginal walls to remove the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes and cervix from the ligaments with which they are connected to the body.

After the uterus has been removed, the vaginal wall is sealed and the laparoscope and other tools are removed from the body. The other cuts and incisions near the belly button are also sealed.

Post surgery effects to keep in mind

After the surgery, you might be kept for a few hours to monitor your body for pain or other discomfort. Anaesthesia will take some time to wear off. You will be asked to sit and walk and given medicines for pain or nausea immediately after the surgery.

You may need to wear a catheter tube for a few days after the surgery and your doctor will tell you when the catheter can be removed. Some times there can be a pain in your right shoulder due to inflation of body with gas but this usually goes away in a day or two.

The cuts from the procedure will heal but will leave a permanent scar in your body.

Recovery

It will take up to 3 months to fully recover from the surgery. You can take a few precautions to ensure the recovery going smooth.


	
Get plenty of rest
	
Avoid lifting heavy objects
	
Monitor excessive vaginal bleeding
	
Monitor signs of infection
	
Wait until 6 weeks before having intercourse
	
Stay active but avoid heavy exercises
	
Eat health food



            [search_keywords] => 
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Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy (LAVH) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure of the removal of the uterus through the vagina. The uterus is the organ where the baby develops during pregnancy, placed right above the vagina. Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy (BSO) is the removal of cervix, uterus and both ovaries and fallopian tubes in one surgical procedure.

In LAHV, a small incision is made on the abdominal wall to permit the laparoscope to enter the abdomen or pelvis. The ovaries and fallopian tubes are removed through the vagina while the laparoscope provides an unobstructed view to the surgeon. A laparoscope is a long tube with an attached light and camera at its end.

The insertion for LAVH is relatively small leading to less pain and less blood loss. The recovery time is also shorter. It can be done in patients who have not had children and a more feasible option. A hysterectomy for Bilateral Salpingo-Oophorectomy is done due to multiple reasons.

At Apollo Cradle, Nehru Place we provide complete healthcare and top-class medical facilities to make your stay with us as comfortable as possible. Our doctors and healthcare professionals are experienced in conducting every procedure with utmost care making the whole process a pleasant one.

Why are patients advised to have this surgery?

There are various reasons for having hysterectomies done.

Removal of cancerous cells.

There might be the growth of cancerous cells in your uterus walls or tissue on the cervix which needs to be removed. There are other procedures for a different type of cancer like radiation and chemotherapy. One should refer to an oncologist.

Fibroids

Fibroids are the most common reason for LAVH and the only solution. These are benign uterine tumors that if left untreated can lead to anemia, pelvic pain, bladder pressure and persistent bleeding. But women have minimal symptoms of fibroids that might not need attention.

Endemetriosis

Endemetrium, a tissue lining in the uterus sometimes starts growing outside on the fallopian tubes, ovaries and cervix. This sometimes leads to pain and bleeding not responding to other treatments.

Uterine Prolapse

This is a condition when the uterus descends into the vagina due to sagging and weak supporting tissues and ligaments. This leads to difficulty in bowel movement, pelvic pressure and urinary incontinence.

Heavy bleeding

Abnormal vaginal bleeding that could not be treated with other methods like medicines, Dilatation and Curettage (D&C), a hysterectomy might be the solution. Irregular and heavy period with intense pelvic pain leads one to remove their uterus and related organs.

One should have carefully evaluated all the consequences of this surgery before undergoing it for an unnecessary hysterectomy can lead to more complications. One should be aware that one cannot get pregnant after getting LAVH done. If you want to conceive in the future this procedure is not for you. Also after LAVH with BSO, one should consider Hormone replacement therapy to get accustomed to the sudden deficiency of hormones like estrogen from your body.

How to prepare for the procedure

It is always apprehensive to undergo surgery and one should be well prepared for the process.

Get information

Refer to your doctor and healthcare assistance at every step of the surgery. Get information and be well aware of the procedure to make an educated choice. Having the required information always gets you comfortable with the method leading to trouble-free surgery.

Follow instructions

Make sure your doctor is aware of all your medical record and medication routine. Get clear instructions from your doctor on any change in the dietary pattern or usual medication that might need to be stopped before the day of the surgery. These include any over the counter medication, herbal preparations and dietary supplements.

Anesthesia

You need to make a clear choice about the kind of anesthesia you would like to use. For LAVH with BSO one can get general or regional anesthesia (spinal or epidural).

Plan your stay

Depending on the nature of your surgery and anesthesia type your stay at the hospital might change. Some women can leave within a few hours after the surgery or might need to stay back for 1 or 2 days.

Post surgery help

Make sure to have someone available to take care of you after your surgery. You might need several weeks before you can get back to a normal routine and have restricted diet. You cannot do strenuous work or lift heavy objects right after the surgery.

You might be required to take a few tests before the surgery.

Cervical Cytology (Pap-Test)

This test is done to check for abnormal cervical cells or cervical cancer.

Endometrial Biopsy

The abnormal growth of endometrium or presence of cancer in the uterine wall is checked through this test.

Pelvic ultrasound

The size of the uterine fibroids, ovarian cysts, or endometrial polyps are checked.

You will receive a preoperative cleansing of your vagina. And is advised to take a bath with a particular cleanser given by the doctor on the day of the surgery.

What happens during the procedure?

The patient is administered anesthesia depending on the type chosen.

During LAVH, incisions are made either vertically or horizontally on the abdominal walls near the belly button to allow passage of metal tubes called ‘trocars’. The laparoscope is also inserted to view the inside of your belly inflated with carbon-di-oxide. Another tube is passed through the vaginal walls to remove the ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes and cervix from the ligaments with which they are connected to the body.

After the uterus has been removed, the vaginal wall is sealed and the laparoscope and other tools are removed from the body. The other cuts and incisions near the belly button are also sealed.

Post surgery effects to keep in mind

After the surgery, you might be kept for a few hours to monitor your body for pain or other discomfort. Anaesthesia will take some time to wear off. You will be asked to sit and walk and given medicines for pain or nausea immediately after the surgery.

You may need to wear a catheter tube for a few days after the surgery and your doctor will tell you when the catheter can be removed. Some times there can be a pain in your right shoulder due to inflation of body with gas but this usually goes away in a day or two.

The cuts from the procedure will heal but will leave a permanent scar in your body.

Recovery

It will take up to 3 months to fully recover from the surgery. You can take a few precautions to ensure the recovery going smooth.


	
Get plenty of rest
	
Avoid lifting heavy objects
	
Monitor excessive vaginal bleeding
	
Monitor signs of infection
	
Wait until 6 weeks before having intercourse
	
Stay active but avoid heavy exercises
	
Eat health food



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            [blog_title] => Hysteroscopy + Dilation and curettage (D&C)
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What is a Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy is a surgical procedure which checks the uterus to make sure it does not get affected by any abnormal bleeding. This is done using a hysteroscope, which is a thin tube inserted inside the vagina. This process can be done in two ways – diagnostic or operative.

What is diagnostic hysteroscopy?

This is a process that checks the condition and the problems of the uterus. This gynecologic procedure checks the endometrial system. This is a low-risk technique that is a must for patients who face abnormal uterine bleeding. It provides for treatment and diagnosis of the same.

What is operative hysteroscopy?

Operative hysteroscopy is a gynaecological procedure where an optical lens is put through the cervix. This process looks into the endometrial cavity and offers treatment for intrauterine pathology.

Why should hysteroscopy be performed?

There are some people for whom this is a very beneficial process. However, it does not work out for everyone, which is why only a specialised doctor can tell you if it is suitable for you or not. Here are a few reasons why you should get a hysteroscopy done.


	
If your results are not normal.
	
You are bleeding after menopause.
	
There are some disturbances like fibroids on your uterus.
	
A past miscarriage.
	
Problems getting pregnant or conceiving in the past.
	
You need to get sterilized as a part of birth control.
	
Your IUD is not in place.


How is hysteroscopy performed?

Before the hysteroscopy, you will be given sedatives in order to relax, after which you are prepared for anaesthesia. This is how the process goes about.


	
A hysteroscope is inserted inside your uterus through the vagina and cervix.
	
Carbon dioxide gas is inserted, which inflates the uterus and clears any mucus or blood in it.
	
The doctor can then clearly see your uterus and the fallopian tubes.
	
For the surgery, small instruments are inserted in the uterus with the help of the hysteroscope.
	
The time involved in completing this process ranges from five minutes to above than an hour. It depends on how the operation is carried out, whether it is diagnostic or operative, is there any additional procedure involved, where and how it is taking place.


Dilation and curettage (D&C).

This process involves the removal of tissues from the inside of a uterus. It dilates the cervix and removes the inner lining of the uterus. This gynaecological procedure usually takes place after someone goes through miscarriage or abortion. This process involves sharp curettage because it involves dilation and removal of uterine contents

When do you need a Dilation and Curettage

You may be recommended to get a D&C done if your condition involves one of the following things:


	
You have experienced abnormal uterine bleeding.
	
You are bleeding after menopause.
	
There are abnormal endometrial cells in your body.


How to treat the condition

When a D&C is being performed, all the parts of your uterus are removed and not only a small tissue sample. Here are a few things that can be done regarding this:


	
Remove a molar pregnancy, where there is the formation of a tumour instead of normal pregnancy.
	
If you bleed extensively after delivery or after your placenta or uterus is cleaned, get treated.
	
Remove cervical or uterine polyps.
	
Remove fibroid tumours.
	
Remove any tissue that remains in the uterus after a miscarriage or abortion so as to prevent infection or heavy bleeding.


Hysteroscopy is performed along with the process of Dilation and Curettage. A thin instrument that has a camera on it is inserted into the vagina, which goes from the cervix and the uterus. The view of the uterus lining is then visible on the screen. It depicts anything that may seem different or abnormal. The doctor will make sure that they are no polyps, fibroid tumours, or anything else, and take the required tissue samples.

Benefits of hysteroscopy and D&C combined 

This procedure, as compared to the other invasive ones, hysteroscopy has several advantages to itself. They are as following.


	
You don’t have to stay in the hospital for too long.
	
Your recovery period is relatively shorter.
	
You don’t require too many pain medications after surgery.
	
You might not need to get open abdominal surgery done.


Safety of the procedure 

Hysteroscopy with Dilation and Curettage is a relatively safe procedure. However, being surgical in nature, a few complications are possible. The complication risk in cases is as low as 1% of cases and they may include:


	
Any issue with anaesthesia.
	
Infection.
	
Heavy bleeding.
	
Injuries to the lower body in places including cervix, uterus, bowel or bladder.
	
Formation of scars in Intrauterine scarring.
	
Any other reaction to the substances used.


If anaesthesia is used during the hysteroscopy, you will be observed for a couple of hours before you are permitted to go home. There might be some kind of cramping or vaginal bleeding for a couple of days. You may also experience some shoulder pain if carbon dioxide or any other gas was used in your hysteroscopy. If you feel sick, it is not unusual.

But if you face any of the other problems mentioned below, then make sure to contact your doctor:


	
High Fever
	
Severe abdominal pain
	
Heavy vaginal bleeding or discharge


Apollo Cradle Nehru Place 

Introduction

Apollo Cradle is one of the best maternity hospitals in India. It offers quality treatment and cares to its patients. With its high standards and efficiency in its staff, you will find an array of professionals here to help you with your problems in nearly everything including Gynecology, Laparoscopy, Pediatrics, Neonatology, Fertility, Fetal Medicine.

Benefits 


	
Apollo Cradle Royale is a place of clinical excellence with more than 30 years of experience.
	
It brings perfection and efficiency in its treatment processes and looks after the betterment of each individual, be it a mother, or a child.
	
The surgical teams are qualified staff, among the most experienced and skilled in the entire country.
	
The hospital constantly looks after its improvement and skill development programs.
	
It provides extensive medical education to all the staff and makes sure to get reviews from the patients, keeping room for improvement.
	
Anyone who is expecting is properly assessed to make sure there are no risks to the mother or the baby.
	
If she is at high risk, all efforts and necessary treatment protocols are followed in order to ensure her safety.


Features


	
This is the best Maternity Hospital in Delhi which has a space of 35,000 sqft. It is exclusive for women and children and brings a style statement to New Delhi, which was launched in 2015.
	
If you want the best possible treatment for yourself and make sure that you remain healthy, this 7-star treatment will bring the best for you and make you feel at home.
	
With personal pampering sessions and the best panel to take care of you, you will receive the best medical care possible.
	
There are fully automated beds, availability of good hospital food with multi-cuisine dining, no restrictions on visiting hours, comfortable beds for the patients and giving them the best.
	
There is a level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. This provides the topmost care for all newborn babies.
	
For any baby that is born with illnesses or problems, intrinsic care is provided to them. The mother gets extreme emergency care, at the Maternal ICU.


Experience and Doctors 

The hospital has about 50 of New Delhi’s best doctors working with them. They are specialists who have years of experience. Apollo has multiple operation theatres as well. Some of them include:


	
Dr Vimal Grover, who has completed her MBBS and MD in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. She has an experience of 42 years and is a Gynecologist, Obstetrician and Infertility Specialist.
	
Dr Helai Gupta, who has completed her MBBS and MD in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. She has an experience of 25 years and is a Gynecologist and an Obstetrician.
	
Dr Ranjana Sharma, who has completed her MBBS and MD in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. She has done an  MRCOG (UK) and has been a part of the Fellow of Indian College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. She has an experience of 37 years and is an Obstetrician, Gynecologist, Infertility Specialist, Reproductive Endocrinologist.
	
Dr Shakti Bhan Khanna, who has completed her MBBS and MD in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. She has an experience of 48 years and is a Gynecologist and an Obstetrician.
	
Dr Geeta Chadha, who has completed her MBBS and MD in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. She has an experience of 32 years and is a Gynecologist and an Obstetrician.
	
Dr Sula Ray Prasad., who has completed his MBBS and DGO. He has an experience of 15 years and is a Gynecologist, Infertility Specialist and an Obstetrician.
	
Dr Prof. Sadhana Kala, who has completed her MBBS and MS in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. She has an experience of 45 years and is a Gynecologist, Infertility Specialist and an Obstetrician.


Conclusion

Apollo Nehru Cradle Place is a cradle of your thoughts being nursed and looked after by us. Putting all your expectations to rest and letting us do our magic, we will produce the best efforts and bring the best results. The doctors here ensure that your money and hope does not go to waste, with making surgeries happen with least harm and utmost care. What decision is to be made, depends on the patient. Everything else is handled efficiently by Apollo. Making the right choice is very necessary and Apollo assists you with everything you do and leads you towards a happy future.


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What is a Hysteroscopy

Hysteroscopy is a surgical procedure which checks the uterus to make sure it does not get affected by any abnormal bleeding. This is done using a hysteroscope, which is a thin tube inserted inside the vagina. This process can be done in two ways – diagnostic or operative.

What is diagnostic hysteroscopy?

This is a process that checks the condition and the problems of the uterus. This gynecologic procedure checks the endometrial system. This is a low-risk technique that is a must for patients who face abnormal uterine bleeding. It provides for treatment and diagnosis of the same.

What is operative hysteroscopy?

Operative hysteroscopy is a gynaecological procedure where an optical lens is put through the cervix. This process looks into the endometrial cavity and offers treatment for intrauterine pathology.

Why should hysteroscopy be performed?

There are some people for whom this is a very beneficial process. However, it does not work out for everyone, which is why only a specialised doctor can tell you if it is suitable for you or not. Here are a few reasons why you should get a hysteroscopy done.


	
If your results are not normal.
	
You are bleeding after menopause.
	
There are some disturbances like fibroids on your uterus.
	
A past miscarriage.
	
Problems getting pregnant or conceiving in the past.
	
You need to get sterilized as a part of birth control.
	
Your IUD is not in place.


How is hysteroscopy performed?

Before the hysteroscopy, you will be given sedatives in order to relax, after which you are prepared for anaesthesia. This is how the process goes about.


	
A hysteroscope is inserted inside your uterus through the vagina and cervix.
	
Carbon dioxide gas is inserted, which inflates the uterus and clears any mucus or blood in it.
	
The doctor can then clearly see your uterus and the fallopian tubes.
	
For the surgery, small instruments are inserted in the uterus with the help of the hysteroscope.
	
The time involved in completing this process ranges from five minutes to above than an hour. It depends on how the operation is carried out, whether it is diagnostic or operative, is there any additional procedure involved, where and how it is taking place.


Dilation and curettage (D&C).

This process involves the removal of tissues from the inside of a uterus. It dilates the cervix and removes the inner lining of the uterus. This gynaecological procedure usually takes place after someone goes through miscarriage or abortion. This process involves sharp curettage because it involves dilation and removal of uterine contents

When do you need a Dilation and Curettage

You may be recommended to get a D&C done if your condition involves one of the following things:


	
You have experienced abnormal uterine bleeding.
	
You are bleeding after menopause.
	
There are abnormal endometrial cells in your body.


How to treat the condition

When a D&C is being performed, all the parts of your uterus are removed and not only a small tissue sample. Here are a few things that can be done regarding this:


	
Remove a molar pregnancy, where there is the formation of a tumour instead of normal pregnancy.
	
If you bleed extensively after delivery or after your placenta or uterus is cleaned, get treated.
	
Remove cervical or uterine polyps.
	
Remove fibroid tumours.
	
Remove any tissue that remains in the uterus after a miscarriage or abortion so as to prevent infection or heavy bleeding.


Hysteroscopy is performed along with the process of Dilation and Curettage. A thin instrument that has a camera on it is inserted into the vagina, which goes from the cervix and the uterus. The view of the uterus lining is then visible on the screen. It depicts anything that may seem different or abnormal. The doctor will make sure that they are no polyps, fibroid tumours, or anything else, and take the required tissue samples.

Benefits of hysteroscopy and D&C combined 

This procedure, as compared to the other invasive ones, hysteroscopy has several advantages to itself. They are as following.


	
You don’t have to stay in the hospital for too long.
	
Your recovery period is relatively shorter.
	
You don’t require too many pain medications after surgery.
	
You might not need to get open abdominal surgery done.


Safety of the procedure 

Hysteroscopy with Dilation and Curettage is a relatively safe procedure. However, being surgical in nature, a few complications are possible. The complication risk in cases is as low as 1% of cases and they may include:


	
Any issue with anaesthesia.
	
Infection.
	
Heavy bleeding.
	
Injuries to the lower body in places including cervix, uterus, bowel or bladder.
	
Formation of scars in Intrauterine scarring.
	
Any other reaction to the substances used.


If anaesthesia is used during the hysteroscopy, you will be observed for a couple of hours before you are permitted to go home. There might be some kind of cramping or vaginal bleeding for a couple of days. You may also experience some shoulder pain if carbon dioxide or any other gas was used in your hysteroscopy. If you feel sick, it is not unusual.

But if you face any of the other problems mentioned below, then make sure to contact your doctor:


	
High Fever
	
Severe abdominal pain
	
Heavy vaginal bleeding or discharge


Apollo Cradle Nehru Place 

Introduction

Apollo Cradle is one of the best maternity hospitals in India. It offers quality treatment and cares to its patients. With its high standards and efficiency in its staff, you will find an array of professionals here to help you with your problems in nearly everything including Gynecology, Laparoscopy, Pediatrics, Neonatology, Fertility, Fetal Medicine.

Benefits 


	
Apollo Cradle Royale is a place of clinical excellence with more than 30 years of experience.
	
It brings perfection and efficiency in its treatment processes and looks after the betterment of each individual, be it a mother, or a child.
	
The surgical teams are qualified staff, among the most experienced and skilled in the entire country.
	
The hospital constantly looks after its improvement and skill development programs.
	
It provides extensive medical education to all the staff and makes sure to get reviews from the patients, keeping room for improvement.
	
Anyone who is expecting is properly assessed to make sure there are no risks to the mother or the baby.
	
If she is at high risk, all efforts and necessary treatment protocols are followed in order to ensure her safety.


Features


	
This is the best Maternity Hospital in Delhi which has a space of 35,000 sqft. It is exclusive for women and children and brings a style statement to New Delhi, which was launched in 2015.
	
If you want the best possible treatment for yourself and make sure that you remain healthy, this 7-star treatment will bring the best for you and make you feel at home.
	
With personal pampering sessions and the best panel to take care of you, you will receive the best medical care possible.
	
There are fully automated beds, availability of good hospital food with multi-cuisine dining, no restrictions on visiting hours, comfortable beds for the patients and giving them the best.
	
There is a level III Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. This provides the topmost care for all newborn babies.
	
For any baby that is born with illnesses or problems, intrinsic care is provided to them. The mother gets extreme emergency care, at the Maternal ICU.


Experience and Doctors 

The hospital has about 50 of New Delhi’s best doctors working with them. They are specialists who have years of experience. Apollo has multiple operation theatres as well. Some of them include:


	
Dr Vimal Grover, who has completed her MBBS and MD in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. She has an experience of 42 years and is a Gynecologist, Obstetrician and Infertility Specialist.
	
Dr Helai Gupta, who has completed her MBBS and MD in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. She has an experience of 25 years and is a Gynecologist and an Obstetrician.
	
Dr Ranjana Sharma, who has completed her MBBS and MD in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. She has done an  MRCOG (UK) and has been a part of the Fellow of Indian College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. She has an experience of 37 years and is an Obstetrician, Gynecologist, Infertility Specialist, Reproductive Endocrinologist.
	
Dr Shakti Bhan Khanna, who has completed her MBBS and MD in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. She has an experience of 48 years and is a Gynecologist and an Obstetrician.
	
Dr Geeta Chadha, who has completed her MBBS and MD in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. She has an experience of 32 years and is a Gynecologist and an Obstetrician.
	
Dr Sula Ray Prasad., who has completed his MBBS and DGO. He has an experience of 15 years and is a Gynecologist, Infertility Specialist and an Obstetrician.
	
Dr Prof. Sadhana Kala, who has completed her MBBS and MS in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. She has an experience of 45 years and is a Gynecologist, Infertility Specialist and an Obstetrician.


Conclusion

Apollo Nehru Cradle Place is a cradle of your thoughts being nursed and looked after by us. Putting all your expectations to rest and letting us do our magic, we will produce the best efforts and bring the best results. The doctors here ensure that your money and hope does not go to waste, with making surgeries happen with least harm and utmost care. What decision is to be made, depends on the patient. Everything else is handled efficiently by Apollo. Making the right choice is very necessary and Apollo assists you with everything you do and leads you towards a happy future.


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Hysterectomy can be performed which involves the removal of the entire uterus along with the ovaries and Fallopian tubes. The reasons for getting the uterus removed are many. Let’s elaborate on these.

Why is Hysterectomy performed?

The 4 reasons that lead to hysterectomy are enlisted below:


	
Uterine cancer: The staging of cervical cancer refers to the extent of the disease. Doctors stage the disease depending upon the size of the tumour and whether it has spread to nearby tissues or other organs.


Stage 0 is not considered invasive. It resides only in the top layer of cells of the cervix. Stage 1a is considered invasive cancer because the microscopic tumour grows through the top layer of cells into the underlying cervical tissue and is three to five millimetres deep by 7 millimetres wide. Stage 1b can again be of two types, the first situation is when they cannot be seen with naked eyes while the other one is visible and has a size range of a few centimetres.

In the 2a stage, the size of the tumour grows further and exceeds the cervix while in case of 2b it invades the outer region of the uterus.

In stage 3a, the tumour spreads even more and distorts the lower region of the vagina. In stage 3b, cancer spreads to the pelvic wall. The lining of the body wall cavity between the hips or it may spread to the uterus. Tubes that carry urine away from the kidneys to the bladder if the flow of urine is blocked, the kidneys can become enlarged and stop working. In stage 4a, the tumour invades nearby pelvic organs, such as the bladder or rectum and may spread to the pelvic lymph node. In stage 4b, cancer spreads past the pelvic lymph nodes to other places in the body, such as the liver, intestines or lungs.


	
Uterine Fibroids: Fibroids are the developments on the uterine wall and are benign. Fibroids have varied sizes. They can be extremely small and undetectable by the naked eyes or can spread over the entire uterus. There are various methods to operate out the fibroids, which include laparoscopic approach and the open myomectomy approach. Open myomectomy with Large Fibroids often leads to hysterectomy.
	
Endometriosis: The disorder in which the tissue that resembles the lining of the uterus grows in the uterine region. This tissue thickens with time and is shed during the menstrual cycle. But, since this lining of endometriosis is shed outside of the uterus, it stays in the body which can cause irritation and inflammation in the surrounding area.
	
Uterine prolapse: Uterine prolapse is a condition in which the uterus faces some displacement because of the weak pelvic floor muscles.


The pelvic organ prolapse is a form of pelvic floor disorder, when the muscles of the pelvic organs get weak, which might cause the bladder to fall into the vagina, the rectum to fall into the vagina or the uterus can protrude through the outside of the vagina, the tip of the vagina can protrude to the outside as well as the bowel can move into the vagina.

One out of two women past the age of 45 can experience some form of perfect organ prolapse. Out of which, only 15 percent seek medical attention. There are a lot of reasons for pelvic organ prolapse. These factors can be ageing, menopause, obesity, pregnancies, pelvic surgeries, if you have hard type labour, i.e., if you lift heavy things, if you have a chronic cough such as asthma or COPD patients.

Apollo Cradle Nehru place hospital is one of the best maternity hospitals and specializes in cases like these. The hospital is known for giving the highest number of natural childbirths.

Even the most complicated procedures are performed with ease, with the assistance of advanced equipment, highly experienced surgeons and skilled technicians. All of these pillars contribute to the success and glory of the hospital.

The Apollo Cradle Nehru place hospital is patient-oriented and makes the patient as the priority. For smooth sailing of its patients, the hospital offers the following services and facilities:


	
No Price difference between Normal Delivery & C-Section (Maternity Surgery)
	
Specialized Labour and Delivery rooms
	
State-of-the-Art Ultrasound Imaging
	
Level III NICU
	
Ventilator Equipped Ambulances
	
Highly Trained Gynecologists and Nurses
	
24X7 Pharmacy
	
Range of Maternity Packages
	
Surgical ICU
	
Apollo Experts


Types of hysterectomy

There are three main ways to perform a hysterectomy, i.e., through the abdomen, through the vagina or by using a laparoscopically-assisted vaginal approach.


	

	
Abdominal Hysterectomy
	


For an abdominal hysterectomy, your surgeon will make an incision in your lower abdomen. Next, the abdominal muscles are pulled back in order to expose the uterus. Then the ligaments and tissues that hold the uterus in place are cut and the uterus is removed through the abdominal incision. If the need arrives, the Fallopian tubes and ovaries can also be removed by following the same method.


	

	
Vaginal Hysterectomy
	


In this approach, a weighted speculum is inserted into your vagina, to stretch it and hold it open. After this an internal incision is made around the cervix and the ligaments and tissues holding the uterus in place are cut. In the last step, the uterus is slid out through the vagina.


	

	
Laparoscopically-assisted vaginal hysterectomy
	


For a laparoscopically-assisted vaginal hysterectomy, your surgeon will create several small incisions called ports, in your abdomen. Carbon-dioxide gas is then pumped through one of the ports to puff up your abdomen so that its contents can be viewed more easily. Your surgeon will then insert a laparoscope through one of the ports. Images from its camera are projected onto a video monitor in the operating room. Watching on the monitor, your surgeon will slip specialized surgical tools through the other ports and use them to make an incision around the cervix. Then the uterus is cut free from its supporting ligaments and tissues and is passed out through the vagina. Finally, your surgeon will close the incision on your abdomen with some stitches.

In all the three hysterectomy procedures, the top of the vagina is stitched closed and gauze packing is placed in the vagina to avoid excess bleeding.

How is it performed?

When you arrive at the hospital for your surgery, an intravenous line (IV line) will be started. If you are having an abdominal hysterotomy, your pubic and abdominal area may be shaved. Hysterectomies may be done under general or regional anaesthesia. If you are receiving general anaesthesia, you will be asleep for the duration of the procedure and a breathing tube will be temporarily inserted through your mouth and into your throat to help you breathe during the surgery. A catheter will be placed into your bladder to drain your urine during the surgery. A hysterectomy takes about one to three hours.

The procedure is then carried out by any of the three methods of hysterectomy, i.e., through the abdomen, through the vagina or by using a laparoscopically-assisted vaginal approach.

After the procedure is finished, you will be taken to the recovery area for monitoring. The catheter and the gauze packing will be removed before you leave the hospital.

Risks associated with hysterectomy

After, the use of general anaesthesia, complications are quite infrequent. But, still, there are certain risks associated with it which can be allergic reactions, damage to the nerve, etc.

The surgery might cause abnormal bleeding and lead to hemorrhage. In such a case, a blood transfusion might be required.

One other risk factor is damage to the ureter. Besides this, the surgery might damage the abdominal organs like bladder and bowel. Which in turn might lead to other problems such as:


	
Incontinence: abnormal frequency of urination.
	
Infection: As the bladder is damaged, your body will fail to filter out the impurities and might give rise to infections.
	
Thrombosis: In this condition, the veins get clogged and the blood circulation is affected.
	
Vaginal problems: You might have an extremely slow and painful recovery from hysterectomy.


Benefits of hysterectomy

If you have been suffering from a uterine cancer of higher stages such that it has completely distorted your uterine region as well as the surrounding area, then there is no other way of eliminating this cancer except for the removal of the entire uterus. Hysterectomy alleviates uterine cancer completely and leaves hardly any room for cancer to come back.

The procedure of hysterectomy is also beneficial when it comes to treating uterine conditions like uterine fibroids, endometriosis or uterine prolapse.

The Apollo cradle Nehru Place hospital offers the preference of all the different types of hysterectomy and has the required equipment and tools for the same.

To get an insight into the facilities, offers and surgeries, you can visit the website www.apollocradle.com of the hospital. Here, you will find reviews of immensely satisfied customers.

The hospital deals with a wide range of cases varying from department to department. The departments present in the hospital, are:


	
Laparoscopy
	
Gynaecology
	
Pediatrics
	
Fertility
	
Fetal medicine and NICU,
	
Neonatology, etc.



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Hysterectomy can be performed which involves the removal of the entire uterus along with the ovaries and Fallopian tubes. The reasons for getting the uterus removed are many. Let’s elaborate on these.

Why is Hysterectomy performed?

The 4 reasons that lead to hysterectomy are enlisted below:


	
Uterine cancer: The staging of cervical cancer refers to the extent of the disease. Doctors stage the disease depending upon the size of the tumour and whether it has spread to nearby tissues or other organs.


Stage 0 is not considered invasive. It resides only in the top layer of cells of the cervix. Stage 1a is considered invasive cancer because the microscopic tumour grows through the top layer of cells into the underlying cervical tissue and is three to five millimetres deep by 7 millimetres wide. Stage 1b can again be of two types, the first situation is when they cannot be seen with naked eyes while the other one is visible and has a size range of a few centimetres.

In the 2a stage, the size of the tumour grows further and exceeds the cervix while in case of 2b it invades the outer region of the uterus.

In stage 3a, the tumour spreads even more and distorts the lower region of the vagina. In stage 3b, cancer spreads to the pelvic wall. The lining of the body wall cavity between the hips or it may spread to the uterus. Tubes that carry urine away from the kidneys to the bladder if the flow of urine is blocked, the kidneys can become enlarged and stop working. In stage 4a, the tumour invades nearby pelvic organs, such as the bladder or rectum and may spread to the pelvic lymph node. In stage 4b, cancer spreads past the pelvic lymph nodes to other places in the body, such as the liver, intestines or lungs.


	
Uterine Fibroids: Fibroids are the developments on the uterine wall and are benign. Fibroids have varied sizes. They can be extremely small and undetectable by the naked eyes or can spread over the entire uterus. There are various methods to operate out the fibroids, which include laparoscopic approach and the open myomectomy approach. Open myomectomy with Large Fibroids often leads to hysterectomy.
	
Endometriosis: The disorder in which the tissue that resembles the lining of the uterus grows in the uterine region. This tissue thickens with time and is shed during the menstrual cycle. But, since this lining of endometriosis is shed outside of the uterus, it stays in the body which can cause irritation and inflammation in the surrounding area.
	
Uterine prolapse: Uterine prolapse is a condition in which the uterus faces some displacement because of the weak pelvic floor muscles.


The pelvic organ prolapse is a form of pelvic floor disorder, when the muscles of the pelvic organs get weak, which might cause the bladder to fall into the vagina, the rectum to fall into the vagina or the uterus can protrude through the outside of the vagina, the tip of the vagina can protrude to the outside as well as the bowel can move into the vagina.

One out of two women past the age of 45 can experience some form of perfect organ prolapse. Out of which, only 15 percent seek medical attention. There are a lot of reasons for pelvic organ prolapse. These factors can be ageing, menopause, obesity, pregnancies, pelvic surgeries, if you have hard type labour, i.e., if you lift heavy things, if you have a chronic cough such as asthma or COPD patients.

Apollo Cradle Nehru place hospital is one of the best maternity hospitals and specializes in cases like these. The hospital is known for giving the highest number of natural childbirths.

Even the most complicated procedures are performed with ease, with the assistance of advanced equipment, highly experienced surgeons and skilled technicians. All of these pillars contribute to the success and glory of the hospital.

The Apollo Cradle Nehru place hospital is patient-oriented and makes the patient as the priority. For smooth sailing of its patients, the hospital offers the following services and facilities:


	
No Price difference between Normal Delivery & C-Section (Maternity Surgery)
	
Specialized Labour and Delivery rooms
	
State-of-the-Art Ultrasound Imaging
	
Level III NICU
	
Ventilator Equipped Ambulances
	
Highly Trained Gynecologists and Nurses
	
24X7 Pharmacy
	
Range of Maternity Packages
	
Surgical ICU
	
Apollo Experts


Types of hysterectomy

There are three main ways to perform a hysterectomy, i.e., through the abdomen, through the vagina or by using a laparoscopically-assisted vaginal approach.


	

	
Abdominal Hysterectomy
	


For an abdominal hysterectomy, your surgeon will make an incision in your lower abdomen. Next, the abdominal muscles are pulled back in order to expose the uterus. Then the ligaments and tissues that hold the uterus in place are cut and the uterus is removed through the abdominal incision. If the need arrives, the Fallopian tubes and ovaries can also be removed by following the same method.


	

	
Vaginal Hysterectomy
	


In this approach, a weighted speculum is inserted into your vagina, to stretch it and hold it open. After this an internal incision is made around the cervix and the ligaments and tissues holding the uterus in place are cut. In the last step, the uterus is slid out through the vagina.


	

	
Laparoscopically-assisted vaginal hysterectomy
	


For a laparoscopically-assisted vaginal hysterectomy, your surgeon will create several small incisions called ports, in your abdomen. Carbon-dioxide gas is then pumped through one of the ports to puff up your abdomen so that its contents can be viewed more easily. Your surgeon will then insert a laparoscope through one of the ports. Images from its camera are projected onto a video monitor in the operating room. Watching on the monitor, your surgeon will slip specialized surgical tools through the other ports and use them to make an incision around the cervix. Then the uterus is cut free from its supporting ligaments and tissues and is passed out through the vagina. Finally, your surgeon will close the incision on your abdomen with some stitches.

In all the three hysterectomy procedures, the top of the vagina is stitched closed and gauze packing is placed in the vagina to avoid excess bleeding.

How is it performed?

When you arrive at the hospital for your surgery, an intravenous line (IV line) will be started. If you are having an abdominal hysterotomy, your pubic and abdominal area may be shaved. Hysterectomies may be done under general or regional anaesthesia. If you are receiving general anaesthesia, you will be asleep for the duration of the procedure and a breathing tube will be temporarily inserted through your mouth and into your throat to help you breathe during the surgery. A catheter will be placed into your bladder to drain your urine during the surgery. A hysterectomy takes about one to three hours.

The procedure is then carried out by any of the three methods of hysterectomy, i.e., through the abdomen, through the vagina or by using a laparoscopically-assisted vaginal approach.

After the procedure is finished, you will be taken to the recovery area for monitoring. The catheter and the gauze packing will be removed before you leave the hospital.

Risks associated with hysterectomy

After, the use of general anaesthesia, complications are quite infrequent. But, still, there are certain risks associated with it which can be allergic reactions, damage to the nerve, etc.

The surgery might cause abnormal bleeding and lead to hemorrhage. In such a case, a blood transfusion might be required.

One other risk factor is damage to the ureter. Besides this, the surgery might damage the abdominal organs like bladder and bowel. Which in turn might lead to other problems such as:


	
Incontinence: abnormal frequency of urination.
	
Infection: As the bladder is damaged, your body will fail to filter out the impurities and might give rise to infections.
	
Thrombosis: In this condition, the veins get clogged and the blood circulation is affected.
	
Vaginal problems: You might have an extremely slow and painful recovery from hysterectomy.


Benefits of hysterectomy

If you have been suffering from a uterine cancer of higher stages such that it has completely distorted your uterine region as well as the surrounding area, then there is no other way of eliminating this cancer except for the removal of the entire uterus. Hysterectomy alleviates uterine cancer completely and leaves hardly any room for cancer to come back.

The procedure of hysterectomy is also beneficial when it comes to treating uterine conditions like uterine fibroids, endometriosis or uterine prolapse.

The Apollo cradle Nehru Place hospital offers the preference of all the different types of hysterectomy and has the required equipment and tools for the same.

To get an insight into the facilities, offers and surgeries, you can visit the website www.apollocradle.com of the hospital. Here, you will find reviews of immensely satisfied customers.

The hospital deals with a wide range of cases varying from department to department. The departments present in the hospital, are:


	
Laparoscopy
	
Gynaecology
	
Pediatrics
	
Fertility
	
Fetal medicine and NICU,
	
Neonatology, etc.



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What is a Hysteroscopy

In hysteroscopy, the uterus it kept in check in order to make sure there is no damage to the uterus due to any abnormal bleeding. This method is practised with the help of a hysteroscope, which is basically a thin tube inserted into the vagina through either diagnostic or operative hysteroscopy.

What is Diagnostic Hysteroscopy?

Diagnostic hysteroscopy lets you diagnose the problems of the uterus and confirm results for other tests. It is often used with other procedures, such as with laparoscopy, dilation and curettage (D&C), or cervical biopsy. In this process, a thin tube called an endoscope that has a camera in it is inserted into your abdomen. This lets the doctor view all the insides of your body, namely the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes.

Why Should Diagnostic Hysteroscopy be Performed?

This process is used only if:


	
You experience bleeding after menopause.
	
Experienced a miscarriage.
	
Unable to conceive or get pregnant
	
Your IUD is not where it should be.


How is Diagnostic Hysteroscopy Performed?

In order for this process to start, you will be given sedatives so that you can relax and be prepared for anaesthesia. This is the entire process:


	
A hysteroscope enters your uterus through the vagina and cervix.
	
Carbon dioxide gas inflates the body organs so that the doctors are able to see the uterus and fallopian tubes properly.
	
Small instruments like the hysteroscope are used to clearly see the uterus and other parts.
	
This entire process can take any amount of time from five minutes to more than an hour.


Dilation and Curettage:

In this process, the tissues are removed from the uterus and dilation of the cervix happens. It also removes the inner lining of the uterus. This process takes place when someone has a miscarriage or an abortion. It is a process that involves sharp curettage due to dilation and removal of uterine contents

When Do You Need a Dilation and Curettage:

A Dilation and Curettage is recommended only if you are experiencing one of the following:


	
Abnormal uterine bleeding.
	
Bleeding after menopause.
	
Abnormal endometrial cells


How to Treat the Condition:

Diagnostic Hysteroscopy is performed with Dilation and Curettage. A thin tube with a camera is inserted into the vagina and pushed through the cervix and the uterus. It is then monitored on the screen to check if anything is abnormal. The wall of the uterus lining is visible and the doctor checks for any polyps, fibroid tumours, or anything else, and then they take the required tissue samples.

Benefits of Hysteroscopy and D&C Combined

There are many benefits to this procedure, some of them being:


	
Your hospital stay is shorter.
	
You recover faster.
	
You do not need any pain medications after surgery.
	
No need for open abdominal surgery.


What Is a Cervical Biopsy?

In this process, tissues are removed from the cervix. It is usually performed after there is some abnormality found during pelvic exams or Pap smear. Some of these problems lead to a high risk of cervical cancer. With this biopsy, you can find precancerous cells and cervical cancer. It is also used to diagnose or treat genital warts or polyps.

Types of Cervical Biopsies:

There are three ways to remove tissue from the cervix:


	
Punch biopsy: Small pieces of tissue are taken from the cervix. This is done with the use of an instrument called biopsy forceps. A dye is put into your cervix in order to look for any kind of abnormalities.
	
Cone biopsy: With a laser, tissues that are shaped like a cone are used to get rid of the cervix. General anaesthesia is given to the patient in order to put them to sleep.
	
Endocervical curettage: Cells are removed from between the uterus and vagina, which is called the endocervical canal. A curette is used that has a tip shaped like a hook.


The process used depends on your medical history and condition, and why you are getting your biopsy done.

How to Prepare for a Cervical Biopsy:

The week after you get your period, you should schedule for a biopsy. This simplifies the process and makes it easier for the doctor to get clean samples. Do not take any medicines without asking your doctor.  There are some medications that increase the risk of bleeding, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen and warfarin.

Before you go for your biopsy, avoid tampons, vaginal creams and sexual intercourse for at least 24 hours. In cone biopsy, you are not allowed to eat at least eight hours before the procedure.

On the day of your biopsy, you will require pain relievers. There might also be some bleeding after the procedure, which is why you should carry some pads. Bring someone along so that they can take you back home. You will still be under the influence of general anaesthesia that makes you drowsy after the procedure. Avoid doing things until it wears off.

What to Expect During a Cervical Biopsy:

In the start, you will be asked to lie down on an examination table. A medical instrument is pushed into the vagina to open the canal. The cervix is cleaned with a solution and then identification of any abnormal tissues is done by the Schiller’s test. A curette will be used to remove the tissues. It may sting a bit but after the biopsy is completed, the cervix is filled with some absorbent material that helps reduce the bleeding procedure.

Safety of the Procedure:

Hysteroscopy with Dilation and Curettage and Cervical Biopsy is a relatively safe procedure. There are some complications that might take place, with rare risks.


	
Any issue with anaesthesia
	
Infections
	
Heavy bleeding in the vaginal area
	
Injury to the cervix, uterus, bowel or bladder
	
Scars in Intrauterine scarring
	
Other reaction to the substances used


After anaesthesia is used, you are kept under observation for a couple of hours before you are permitted to go home. You may also experience cramping or vaginal bleeding, shoulder pain, nausea or sickness. This can happen due to the carbon dioxide that was used. Certain activities are to be avoided such as heavy lifting, sexual intercourse, and the use of tampons.

However, if you face any of these problems then immediately contact your doctor.


	
High Fever
	
Severe abdominal pain
	
Heavy vaginal bleeding or discharge
	
A lot of pain


Apollo Cradle Nehru Place 

Introduction

Apollo Cradle Nehru Place is a new maternity place in New Delhi that opened in 2015, which has become one of the best maternity and surgery hospitals in India. It provides efficient, well equipped and the best quality treatment and care to its patients. There are the best professional doctors who help you in every way possible. They treat you with the utmost care and provide you with everything you need.

Benefits 


	
Apollo Cradle Nehru Place brings trained professionals with tremendous experience and qualified staff, who are the most skilled in the entire country.
	
The hospital looks after the betterment of its patients and performs everything with efficiency.
	
Patients are asked for their judgements, needs, requirements, reviews, performance analysis and any room for improvement.
	
Risk protection is ensured to make sure there is no harm to the patient. They are properly assessed and taken care of.


Features


	
Apollo Cradle Nehru Place is one of the best Maternity Hospital with a wide space of 35,000 sqft. and beautiful infrastructure, exclusive for women and children.
	
The hospital provides you with advanced technology and a good, comfortable atmosphere which puts you at ease by assuring you that you are taken care of in the best place and best manner possible.
	
The place has fully automated beds, multi-cuisine dining and no restrictions on visiting hours.
	
With a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, there is a provision of the best care and treatment for babies.


Experience and Doctors 

Apollo Cradle Nehru Place has India’s best doctors working with them. Some of them include:


	
Dr Charanjit Kaur has finished her MBBS, MS and DNB and practises Obstetrics and Gynaecology. She has experience of 30 years.
	
Dr Sanchayan Roy has completed his MBBS and DNB and practises Internal Medicine and Critical Care Medicine for 20 years.
	
Dr Nandini Gupta has completed her MBBS from AIIMS, MRCGP from the UK, DRCOG from the UK, DFFP from UK and LMSSA from the UK. She has experience of 28 years. SHe is a General Physician.
	
Dr Jaya Agarwal has completed her MBBS, DGO, DNB and DGE. She is a Gynecologist and an Obstetrician for 17 years.
	
Dr Prof. Sadhana Kala has completed her MBBS and MS and practises Obstetrics and Gynaecology since the past 45 years, She is an experienced Gynecologist, Infertility Specialist and an Obstetrician.
	
Dr Anupam Sibal has completed his MD, FIAP, FIMSA, FRCP from London, FRCPCH and FAAP. He is a Pediatric Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist and has 22 years of experience.
	
Dr Arun Prasad has completed his MBBS, MS, FRCS and FRCSED. He does General and Laparoscopic Surgery since the past 29 years.
	
Dr Ranjana Sharma has completed her MBBS and MD in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MRCOG (UK), Fellow of Indian College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. She has an experience of 37 years and is an Obstetrician, Gynecologist, Infertility Specialist, Reproductive Endocrinologist.


Conclusion

Apollo Nehru Cradle Place is the best place for a mother, a patient, any family member. It is the safest place for your treatment and ensures that there is 100% risk management and protection. It has excellent staff and the doctors provide you with the best quality treatment. Hence, there is not much to worry about. Apollo Cradle Nehru Place is the best you can choose for your problems and make sure that you live a happy life.


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What is a Hysteroscopy

In hysteroscopy, the uterus it kept in check in order to make sure there is no damage to the uterus due to any abnormal bleeding. This method is practised with the help of a hysteroscope, which is basically a thin tube inserted into the vagina through either diagnostic or operative hysteroscopy.

What is Diagnostic Hysteroscopy?

Diagnostic hysteroscopy lets you diagnose the problems of the uterus and confirm results for other tests. It is often used with other procedures, such as with laparoscopy, dilation and curettage (D&C), or cervical biopsy. In this process, a thin tube called an endoscope that has a camera in it is inserted into your abdomen. This lets the doctor view all the insides of your body, namely the uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes.

Why Should Diagnostic Hysteroscopy be Performed?

This process is used only if:


	
You experience bleeding after menopause.
	
Experienced a miscarriage.
	
Unable to conceive or get pregnant
	
Your IUD is not where it should be.


How is Diagnostic Hysteroscopy Performed?

In order for this process to start, you will be given sedatives so that you can relax and be prepared for anaesthesia. This is the entire process:


	
A hysteroscope enters your uterus through the vagina and cervix.
	
Carbon dioxide gas inflates the body organs so that the doctors are able to see the uterus and fallopian tubes properly.
	
Small instruments like the hysteroscope are used to clearly see the uterus and other parts.
	
This entire process can take any amount of time from five minutes to more than an hour.


Dilation and Curettage:

In this process, the tissues are removed from the uterus and dilation of the cervix happens. It also removes the inner lining of the uterus. This process takes place when someone has a miscarriage or an abortion. It is a process that involves sharp curettage due to dilation and removal of uterine contents

When Do You Need a Dilation and Curettage:

A Dilation and Curettage is recommended only if you are experiencing one of the following:


	
Abnormal uterine bleeding.
	
Bleeding after menopause.
	
Abnormal endometrial cells


How to Treat the Condition:

Diagnostic Hysteroscopy is performed with Dilation and Curettage. A thin tube with a camera is inserted into the vagina and pushed through the cervix and the uterus. It is then monitored on the screen to check if anything is abnormal. The wall of the uterus lining is visible and the doctor checks for any polyps, fibroid tumours, or anything else, and then they take the required tissue samples.

Benefits of Hysteroscopy and D&C Combined

There are many benefits to this procedure, some of them being:


	
Your hospital stay is shorter.
	
You recover faster.
	
You do not need any pain medications after surgery.
	
No need for open abdominal surgery.


What Is a Cervical Biopsy?

In this process, tissues are removed from the cervix. It is usually performed after there is some abnormality found during pelvic exams or Pap smear. Some of these problems lead to a high risk of cervical cancer. With this biopsy, you can find precancerous cells and cervical cancer. It is also used to diagnose or treat genital warts or polyps.

Types of Cervical Biopsies:

There are three ways to remove tissue from the cervix:


	
Punch biopsy: Small pieces of tissue are taken from the cervix. This is done with the use of an instrument called biopsy forceps. A dye is put into your cervix in order to look for any kind of abnormalities.
	
Cone biopsy: With a laser, tissues that are shaped like a cone are used to get rid of the cervix. General anaesthesia is given to the patient in order to put them to sleep.
	
Endocervical curettage: Cells are removed from between the uterus and vagina, which is called the endocervical canal. A curette is used that has a tip shaped like a hook.


The process used depends on your medical history and condition, and why you are getting your biopsy done.

How to Prepare for a Cervical Biopsy:

The week after you get your period, you should schedule for a biopsy. This simplifies the process and makes it easier for the doctor to get clean samples. Do not take any medicines without asking your doctor.  There are some medications that increase the risk of bleeding, such as aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen and warfarin.

Before you go for your biopsy, avoid tampons, vaginal creams and sexual intercourse for at least 24 hours. In cone biopsy, you are not allowed to eat at least eight hours before the procedure.

On the day of your biopsy, you will require pain relievers. There might also be some bleeding after the procedure, which is why you should carry some pads. Bring someone along so that they can take you back home. You will still be under the influence of general anaesthesia that makes you drowsy after the procedure. Avoid doing things until it wears off.

What to Expect During a Cervical Biopsy:

In the start, you will be asked to lie down on an examination table. A medical instrument is pushed into the vagina to open the canal. The cervix is cleaned with a solution and then identification of any abnormal tissues is done by the Schiller’s test. A curette will be used to remove the tissues. It may sting a bit but after the biopsy is completed, the cervix is filled with some absorbent material that helps reduce the bleeding procedure.

Safety of the Procedure:

Hysteroscopy with Dilation and Curettage and Cervical Biopsy is a relatively safe procedure. There are some complications that might take place, with rare risks.


	
Any issue with anaesthesia
	
Infections
	
Heavy bleeding in the vaginal area
	
Injury to the cervix, uterus, bowel or bladder
	
Scars in Intrauterine scarring
	
Other reaction to the substances used


After anaesthesia is used, you are kept under observation for a couple of hours before you are permitted to go home. You may also experience cramping or vaginal bleeding, shoulder pain, nausea or sickness. This can happen due to the carbon dioxide that was used. Certain activities are to be avoided such as heavy lifting, sexual intercourse, and the use of tampons.

However, if you face any of these problems then immediately contact your doctor.


	
High Fever
	
Severe abdominal pain
	
Heavy vaginal bleeding or discharge
	
A lot of pain


Apollo Cradle Nehru Place 

Introduction

Apollo Cradle Nehru Place is a new maternity place in New Delhi that opened in 2015, which has become one of the best maternity and surgery hospitals in India. It provides efficient, well equipped and the best quality treatment and care to its patients. There are the best professional doctors who help you in every way possible. They treat you with the utmost care and provide you with everything you need.

Benefits 


	
Apollo Cradle Nehru Place brings trained professionals with tremendous experience and qualified staff, who are the most skilled in the entire country.
	
The hospital looks after the betterment of its patients and performs everything with efficiency.
	
Patients are asked for their judgements, needs, requirements, reviews, performance analysis and any room for improvement.
	
Risk protection is ensured to make sure there is no harm to the patient. They are properly assessed and taken care of.


Features


	
Apollo Cradle Nehru Place is one of the best Maternity Hospital with a wide space of 35,000 sqft. and beautiful infrastructure, exclusive for women and children.
	
The hospital provides you with advanced technology and a good, comfortable atmosphere which puts you at ease by assuring you that you are taken care of in the best place and best manner possible.
	
The place has fully automated beds, multi-cuisine dining and no restrictions on visiting hours.
	
With a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, there is a provision of the best care and treatment for babies.


Experience and Doctors 

Apollo Cradle Nehru Place has India’s best doctors working with them. Some of them include:


	
Dr Charanjit Kaur has finished her MBBS, MS and DNB and practises Obstetrics and Gynaecology. She has experience of 30 years.
	
Dr Sanchayan Roy has completed his MBBS and DNB and practises Internal Medicine and Critical Care Medicine for 20 years.
	
Dr Nandini Gupta has completed her MBBS from AIIMS, MRCGP from the UK, DRCOG from the UK, DFFP from UK and LMSSA from the UK. She has experience of 28 years. SHe is a General Physician.
	
Dr Jaya Agarwal has completed her MBBS, DGO, DNB and DGE. She is a Gynecologist and an Obstetrician for 17 years.
	
Dr Prof. Sadhana Kala has completed her MBBS and MS and practises Obstetrics and Gynaecology since the past 45 years, She is an experienced Gynecologist, Infertility Specialist and an Obstetrician.
	
Dr Anupam Sibal has completed his MD, FIAP, FIMSA, FRCP from London, FRCPCH and FAAP. He is a Pediatric Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist and has 22 years of experience.
	
Dr Arun Prasad has completed his MBBS, MS, FRCS and FRCSED. He does General and Laparoscopic Surgery since the past 29 years.
	
Dr Ranjana Sharma has completed her MBBS and MD in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MRCOG (UK), Fellow of Indian College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. She has an experience of 37 years and is an Obstetrician, Gynecologist, Infertility Specialist, Reproductive Endocrinologist.


Conclusion

Apollo Nehru Cradle Place is the best place for a mother, a patient, any family member. It is the safest place for your treatment and ensures that there is 100% risk management and protection. It has excellent staff and the doctors provide you with the best quality treatment. Hence, there is not much to worry about. Apollo Cradle Nehru Place is the best you can choose for your problems and make sure that you live a happy life.


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