Fever in Pregnancy: Symptoms, Risks, and Safe Remedies

A fever during pregnancy can be concerning, leaving many mothers-to-be unsure about what’s normal and when to seek help. While a mild temperature rise is often safe, a high or persistent fever may sometimes indicate infection and other health complications that can affect you and your baby. Knowing its causes, recognising symptoms, and understanding the proper means of managing fever are necessary steps in protecting your health and your baby's well-being.

What is Fever During Pregnancy?

A fever occurs when your body temperature rises above the normal range, usually above 100.4°F (38°C). This typically signals that your body is battling an infection, such as a cold, flu, or urinary tract infection, or has other inflammation-related conditions. During pregnancy, a fever can be a greater concern, as it could impact both the mom and the baby inside the womb. Pregnancy naturally affects the immune system, making it easier to contract infections. So, even a moderate fever should be taken seriously.

Although a low-grade, short-term fever usually does not lead to serious consequences, extended or high fevers carry the danger of complications such as dehydration, premature labour, or even effects on the development of the baby in rare cases. Being informed about when the fever is within the limits of a normal reaction and when it may be dangerous will help safeguard maternal and fetal health.

Here’s a quick comparison between a mild and a high fever:

What are the Causes of Fever in Pregnancy?

A fever can develop in a pregnant woman for numerous reasons. Because the immune system is altered during pregnancy, expectant mothers may be more susceptible to certain infections.

Below are some of the most common causes of fever in pregnancy:

1. Viral Infections:

Viruses are among the primary causes of the development of a fever in a pregnant woman. Common colds, seasonal viruses, and other minor respiratory infections can cause a rise in body temperature and often come with symptoms, such as fatigue, body aches, and a sore throat.

2. Influenza (Flu):

During pregnancy, the flu can be even more serious because the immune system, heart function, and lung capacity all change, which makes it harder for the body to fight off an infection. The flu infection may cause high fever and severe body aches and, in some instances, may develop complications such as pneumonia or early labour if left untreated.

3. Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs):

UTIs are more common in pregnancy due to hormonal changes and the pressure from the growing uterus on the urinary tract. In cases of pyelonephritis (when the UTI travels upward to the kidneys), there can be a sudden high fever, back pain, vomiting, and chills.

4. Gastrointestinal Infections:

Fever with nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and dehydration can be associated with stomach and intestinal infections. These are most often viral, bacterial, or caused by contaminated food. Pregnant women are more vulnerable to fluid loss and require immediate attention.

5. Chorioamnionitis (Amnionitis):

Amniotic infection, also known as chorion-amnionitis, is an infection of the membranes or the fluid surrounding the baby. This usually results in a high fever, uterine tenderness, and an increased heart rate for both the mother and the baby. Medical treatment should be sought right away.

6. Dengue or Other Mosquito-borne Illnesses:

Infections like dengue, caused by mosquito-borne diseases in certain areas, can cause very high fever with joint pain and, in severe cases, bleeding or shock. Pregnant women may face added risks and require close monitoring.

7. Hepatitis E and Other Liver Infections:

Certain infections of the liver, such as hepatitis E, are characterised by fever, jaundice, and reduced liver function. This can be a serious infection during pregnancy that requires immediate medical intervention.

8. Autoimmune or Inflammatory Conditions:

Some of the immune-related conditions may cause fever during pregnancy, or a temperature rise can occur as a reaction to medications or underlying inflammatory disorders.

In some cases, regular tests cannot diagnose the proper cause of the fever. It is advisable, even then, to consult a doctor to rule out any hidden infection or condition that might harm your health or that of the baby.

Also Read: What to Avoid During Pregnancy

Symptoms of Fever in Pregnancy

Here are some of the common symptoms that might accompany a fever during pregnancy:

• Chills or shivering
• Muscle aches
• Fatigue
• Sweating
• Risk of dehydration
• Headache or dizziness
• Nausea, vomiting or diarrhoea
• Fast heartbeat
• Loss of appetite
• Warm or flushed skin
• Sleep disorders
• Generalised discomfort or restlessness

Recognising these symptoms of fever during pregnancy can ensure timely medical attention. Since most of them resemble normal discomforts during pregnancy, it is useful to have a thermometer and check your temperature occasionally.

What Are the Risks of Fever During Pregnancy?

High temperatures during pregnancy carry several risks to both the mother and the developing fetus. While a mild fever is generally harmless, if the temperature rise is high or persists for a long time, it may lead to health concerns such as:

• Increased risk of neural tube defects in early pregnancy
• Possible impact on early fetal development
• High or persisting fever poses a greater risk for miscarriage.
• Increased risk of preterm labour in the second or third trimester
• Low birth weight associated with fever-related infections
• Dehydration and general weakness of the mother
• Higher risk of complications from underlying infections
• Fast heartbeat or difficulty breathing, when the fever is high
• Risk of a kidney infection if the fever is from an untreated UTI

Safe Remedies for Managing Fever During Pregnancy

It is crucial to monitor a high fever during pregnancy to avoid complications and protect the baby’s well-being. Here are some safe remedies that can help bring down the temperature and support recovery:

• Stay hydrated. Drinking plenty of water, oral rehydration fluids, or infused water keeps the body temperature down and maintains hydration.
• Eat a well-balanced diet adequate in iron and folate to help support immunity and overall health.
• Rest adequately to allow the body's energy to fight against infection.
• Take a lukewarm bath to help decrease body temperature. Avoid hot water, as it can elevate the fever.
• Use cool compresses, wear light, breathable fabrics made from cotton, linen, or hemp that release heat.
• Avoid heavy blankets or multiple layers that can trap warmth and make you feel hotter.
• Drink warm, clear soups or doctor-approved herbal teas for hydration and soothing discomfort.
• Keep the room cool and well-ventilated to avoid overheating.
• Use a humidifier if you have congestion. Moist air makes it easier to breathe.

Are There Safe Medicines for Fever During Pregnancy?

Certain medicines are considered to be safer for fever reduction during pregnancy, but intake should be done only upon the advice of a doctor. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is generally regarded as the first-choice option for the management of fever in a pregnant woman at the recommended dose and for the shortest time necessary.

Medications like ibuprofen, aspirin, and other NSAIDs are not usually recommended, particularly during later pregnancy, due to their potential effects on the baby's heart, kidneys, or amniotic fluid levels.

If your fever is related to an infection, like a urinary tract infection, the flu, or another bacterial illness, you may be prescribed additional treatment, depending on the cause.

Any medication taken in pregnancy should be checked with the doctor to ensure it is safe for both mom and baby.

When to Consult a Doctor

While a mild fever can often be improved with basic home care, it's important to seek medical attention if you notice the following:

• Your fever is above 100.4°F and has continued longer than one day
• High fever during the early stages of pregnancy
• You experience painful urination or a burning sensation during urination, which may denote a UTI.
• You get chills, rashes or significant body aches
• You have vomiting, diarrhoea or signs of dehydration

Also Read: 5 Effective Yoga Poses to Try During Pregnancy

Conclusion

Fever during pregnancy is not uncommon. However, it is a condition that should never be ignored. Knowing what causes the temperature rise, recognising early symptoms, and understanding what remedies are safe can help forestall possible maternal and fetal harm. While mild and temporary fevers generally settle with rest, hydration, and simple home care, high, persistent temperatures need urgent attention from a doctor. Be very attentive to your body, seek help if symptoms worsen, and pursue your doctor's advice for a much safer and healthier pregnancy, both for you and your baby.