Anaemia in newborns is a serious condition that should not be overlooked. Newborns affected by anaemia may experience difficulty with their growth and development, as well as organ dysfunction. Parents need to understand the signs and symptoms of anaemia in newborns to ensure early diagnosis and treatment.

What is Anaemia?

Anaemia in newborns is a condition where an infant has fewer red blood cells than normal. This leads to a low level of haemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying component of red blood cells.

Anaemia can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, pale skin, a rapid heart rate, and shortness of breath, which can be noticeable within days or weeks after birth.

Early diagnosis and treatment are important for preventing long-term complications such as stunted growth or developmental delays.

What causes Anemia in Newborns?

Anaemia in newborns can be caused by a variety of factors. Premature babies, who are born before 37 weeks of gestation, are more likely to suffer from anaemia due to their low birth weight and lack of iron stores.

As infants grow, they may also develop anaemia if their diets do not provide enough iron or vitamin B12. Additionally, certain infections, such as malaria, hepatitis, or HIV, can lead to anaemia in newborns.

Finally, some chronic conditions, such as sickle cell disease or thalassemia, can cause anaemia in infants.

What are the symptoms of Anemia in Newborns?

Newborns with anaemia show a range of common symptoms, including pale skin and lips, fatigue, poor feeding, rapid breathing and heart rate, dizziness or lightheadedness, irritability or fussiness, and a lack of energy.

Other potential signs are jaundice (yellowing of the skin), dark circles under the eyes, shortness of breath during physical activity, cold hands and feet, and difficulty gaining weight. Anaemia can also cause delays in reaching developmental milestones.

What are the treatment options for Anemia in newborns?

Treatment for anaemia in newborns depends on the severity and cause of the anaemia. Mild cases may not need any treatment. Severe cases of anaemia may require a blood transfusion to replace lost red blood cells or a course of iron supplements to boost levels of haemoglobin.

In some cases, medications such as erythropoietin might be prescribed. If the anaemia is caused by a nutritional deficiency, dietary changes or vitamin supplements may be recommended.

In rare cases where there is no response to other treatments, bone marrow transplantation may be considered.

How can one prevent Anemia in newborns?

The best way to prevent anaemia in newborns is to ensure that pregnant mothers consume a healthy, balanced diet and take iron supplements daily.

It's also essential for mothers to receive adequate prenatal care and regular blood tests to detect any deficiencies.

If necessary, doctors may recommend the mother receive additional iron and folic acid supplements during pregnancy, as well as vitamin B12 injections if needed.

Additionally, breastfeeding should be encouraged, as it provides essential nutrients that can help prevent anaemia in newborns.

When should a newborn be seen by a doctor for Anaemia?

Newborns should be seen by a doctor if they have any of the following symptoms: paleness of skin; shortness of breath; fast heart rate or breathing; fatigue or irritability; poor feeding; pale or yellowish gums or tongue.

The doctor will then conduct a physical examination and may order tests such as a complete blood count to diagnose anaemia.

Treatment for anaemia in newborns will depend on the severity and underlying cause; it may involve dietary changes, supplements, transfusions, or more intensive therapy.

Anaemia in newborns can be a serious health concern, as it can lead to growth and development issues.

Fortunately, diagnosis and treatment for anaemia are relatively straightforward; a simple blood test and iron supplements can typically resolve the issue.

With proper medical care, newborns suffering from anaemia can make a full recovery and go on to live healthy lives.

Parents of newborns need to be aware of anaemia and its symptoms so they can get early medical attention if needed.

Request an appointment at Apollo Cradle, Bengaluru - Brookefield. Call 1860-500-1066 to book an appointment.

1. What are the long-term complications of anemia in newborns?

Anemia in newborns can lead to long-term developmental delays, impaired cognitive and motor development, and even organ failure.

2. How does anemia affect the nervous system in newborns?

Anemia can cause neurological symptoms such as irritability, poor feeding, sleep disturbances, and decreased muscle tone.

3. What is the most reliable way to diagnose anemia in a newborn?

The most reliable way to diagnose anemia in a newborn is through a blood test that measures hemoglobin levels.

4. When should a newborn be tested for anemia?

Newborns should be tested for anaemia shortly after birth, typically within 2 days of delivery, or earlier if there is a concern about the infant's health status.

5. Are there any potential side effects from treating anemic newborns?

Potential side effects from treating anemic newborns may include allergic reactions to medications or transfusions, organ damage due to drugs used to treat the condition, or complications from blood transfusions such as inflammation or infection at the injection site.